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TABLEOF
CONTENTS
Chapterl: INTRODUCTlON
DATA COMMUNlCATlON
Components
NETWORKS
Distributed Processing
Network Criteria
Applications
PROTOCOLS AND STANDARDS
Protocols
Standards
STANDARDS ORGANlZATlONS
Standards Creation Committees
Forums
Regulatory Agencies
SUMMARY
PRACTlCE SET
Multiple Choice
Exercises
Chapter 2: BASlC CONCEPTS
LlNE CONFlGURATlON
Point-to-Point
Multipoint
TOPOLOGY
Mesh
Star
Tree
Bus
Ring
Hybrid Topologies
TRANSMlSSlON MODE
Simplex
Half-Duplex
Full-Duplex
CATEGORlES OF NETWORKS
Local Area Network (LAN)
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
Wide Area Network (WAN)
INTERNETWORKS
SUMMARY
PRACTlCE SET
Multiple Choice
Exercises
Chapter3: THEOSlMODEL
THEMODEL
Layered Architecture
FUNCTlONS OF THE LAYERS
Physical Layer
Data Link Layer
Network Layer
Transport Layer
Session Layer
Presentation Layer
Application Layer
Summary of Layer Functions
SUMMARY
PRACTlCE SET
Multiple Choice
Exercises
Chapter4: SlGNALS
ANALOG AND DlGlTAL
APERlODlC AND PERlODlC SlGNALS
Periodic Signals
Aperiodic Signals
ANALOG SlGNALS
Simple Analog Signals
Complex Signals
Frequency Spectrum and Bandwidth
DlGlTALSlGNALS
Amplitude, Period, and Phase
Decomposition of a Digital Signal
Medium Bandwidth and Significant Bandwidth
Medium Bandwidth and Data Rate: Channel Capacitv
Use of Analog Signals to Transmit Digital Data
MATHEMATlCAL APPROACH (OPTlONAL)
SUMMARY
PRACTlCE SET
Multiple Choice
Exercises
Chapter5: ENCODlNG
DlGlTAL-TO-DlGlTAL ENCODlNG
Unipolar
Polar
Bipolar
ANALOG-TO-DlGlTAL ENCODlNG
Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM)
Pulse Code Modulation (PCM)
Sampling Rate
DlGlTAL-TO-ANALOG ENCODlNG
Aspects of Digital-to-Analog Encoding
Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK)
Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)
Phase Shift Keying (PSK)
Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)
Bit/Baud Comparison
ANALOG-TO-ANALOG ENCODlNG
Amplitude Modulation (AM)
Frequency Modulation (FM)
Phase Modulation (PM)
SUMMARY
PRACTlCE SET
Multiple Choice
Exercises
Chapter 6: TRANSMlSSlON OF DlGlTAL DATA
INTERFACES AND MODEMS 121
DlGlTAL DATA TRANSMlSSlON
Parallel Transmission
Serial Transmission
DTE-DCE INTERFACE
Data Terminal Equipment (DTE)
Data Circuit-Terminating Equipment (DCE)
Standards
EIA-232Interface
OTHER INTERFACE STANDARDS
ElA-449
ElA-530
X.21
MODEMS
Transmission Rate
Modem Standards
SUMMARY
PRACTlCE SET
Multiple Choice
Exercises
Chapter7: TRANSMlSSlON MEDlA
GUlDEDMEDlA
Twisted-Pair Cable
Coaxial Cable
Optical Fiber
UNGUlDED MEDlA
Radio Frequency Allocation
Propagation ofRadio Waves
Terrestrial Microwave
Satellite Communication
CellularTelephony
PERFORMANCE
SUMMARY
PRACTlCE SET
Multiple Choic
Exercises
Chapter8: MULTlPLEXlNG
MANY TO ONE/ONE TO MANY
TYPES OF MULTIPLEXlNG
Frcquency-Division Multiplexing (PDM)
Time-Division Multiplexing (TDM)
Inverse Multiplexing
MULTlPLEXlNG APPLlCATlON:
THE TELEPHONE SYSTEM
Common Carrier Services and Hierarchies
Analog Services
Digital Services
SUMMARY
PRACTlCE SET
Multiple Choice
Exercises
Chapter 9: ERROR DETECTlON AND CORRECTlON
TYPESOFERRORS
Single-BitError
Multiple-Bit Error
BurstError
DETECTlON
Redundancy
Vertical Redundancy Check (VRC)
Longitudinal Redundancy Check (LRC)
Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC)
Checksum
ERRORCORRECTlON
Single-Bit Error Correction
Hamming Code
Multiple-Bit Error Correction
SUMMARY
PRACTlCE SET
Multiple Choice
Exercises
Chapter l 0: DATA LlNK CONTROL
LlNE DlSClPLlNE
ENQ/ACK
FLOW CONTROL
Stop-and-Wait
Sliding Window
ERROR CONTROL
Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ)
Stop-and-Wait ARQ
Sliding Window ARQ
SUMMARY
PRACTlCE SET
Multiple Choice
Exercises
Chapter l l: DATA LlNK PROTOCOLS
ASYNCHRONOUS PROTOCOLS
XMODEM
YMODEM
ZMODEM
BLAST
Kermit
SYNCHRONOUS PROTOCOLS
CHARACTER-ORIENTED PROTOCOLS
Binary Synchronous Communication (BSC)
BSC Frames
Data Transparency
BlT-ORlENTED PROTOCOLS
HDLC
Frames
More about Frames
Link Access Procedures
SUMMARY
PRACTlCE SET
Multiple Choice
Exercises
Chapter l 2: LOCAL AREA NETWORKS
PROJECT802
lEEE 802.1
LLC
MAC
Protocol Data Unit (PDU)
ETHERNET
Access Method: CSMA/CD
Addrcssing
Electrical Specification
Frame Fonnat
Implementation
TOKEN BUS
TOKENRlNG
Access Method: Token Passing
Addressing
Electrical Specification
FrameFormats
Implementation
FDDl
Access Method: Token Passing
Addressing
Electrical Specitlcation
Frame Format
Implementation: Physical Medium Dependent (PMD) Layer
COMPARlSON
SUMMARY
PRACTlCESET
Multiple Choice
Exercises
Chapter 13: METROPOLlTANAREANETWORKS
lEEE 802.6
Access Method: Dual Bus
Distributed Queues
Ring Configuration
Operation: DQDB Layers
Implementation
SMDS
Connection and Access
SUMMARY
PRACTlCE SET
Multiple Choice
Exercises
Chapter l 4: SWlTCHlNG ?A NETWORK LAYER FUNCTlON
ClRCUlT SWlTCHlNG
Space-Division Switches
Time-Division Switches
Space- and Time-Division Switching Combinations
PACKET SWlTCHlNG
Datagram Approach
Virtual Circuit Approach
MESSAGE SWlTCHlNG
NETWORKLAYER
Connection-Oriented and Connectionless Services
SUMMARY
PRACTlCE SET
Multiple Choice
Exercises
Chapter l 5: INTEGRATED SERVlCES DlGlTAL
NETWORK (ISDN)
SERVlCES
Bearer Services
Teleservices
Supplementarv Services
HlSTORY
Voice Communication over Analog Networks
Voice and Data Communication over Analog Networks
Analog and Digital Services to Subscribers
Integrated Digital Network (IDN)
Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)
SUBSCRlBER ACCESS TO THE ISDN
B Channels
D Channels
HChannels
User Interfaces
Functional Grouping
Reference Points
THE ISDN LAYERS
Physical Layer
Data Link Layer
Network Layer
BROADBAND ISDN
Services
Physical Specifications
SUMMARY
PRACTlCE SET
Multiple Choice
Exercises
Chapter16: X25
X25 LAYERS
Physical Layer
Data Link Layer
Network Layer
PACKET LAYER PROTOCOL
Information Packets
Control Packets
Complete Packet Sequence
Virtual Channel ID) Numbers
SUMMARY
PRACTlCESET
Multiple Choice
Exercises
Chapter17: FRAMERELAY
FRAME RELAY LAYERS
Physical Layer
Data Link Layer
FRAME RELAY OPERATlON
Relay
Switching
Congestion Control
IMPLEMENTATlON
SUMMARY
PRACTlCESET
Multiple Choice
Exercises
Chapter18: ATM
DESlGNGOALS
Packet Networks
MixedNetworkTraffic
Cell Networks
Additional Advantages of ATM
ATMTOPOLOGY
ATM PROTOCOL ARCHTTECTURE
Application Adaptation Layer (AAL)
ATM Layer
Physical Layer
SUMMARY
PRACTlCE SET
Multiple Choice
Exercises
Chapter19: SONETlSDH
SYNCHRONOUS TRANSPORT SlGNALS
PHYSlCAL CONFIGURATlON
SONET Devices
Sections, Lines, and Paths
SONET LAYERS
Photonic Layer
Section Layer
Line Layer
Path Layer
Device-Layer Relationships
THESONETFRAME
Frame Format
Section Overhead
Line Overhead
Path Overhead
Virtual Tributaries
TypesofVTs
MULTlPLEXlNG STS FRAMES
SUMMARY
PRACTlCE SET
Multiple Choice
Exercises
Chapter 20: NETWORKlNG AND INTERNETWORKlNG
DEVlCES
REPEATERS
Not an Amplifier
BRlDGES
Types of Bridges
ROUTERS
Routing Concepts
GATEWAYS
ROUTlNG ALGORlTHMS
Distance Vector Routing
Link State Routing
SUMMARY
PRACTlCE SET
Multiple Choice
Exercises
Chapter 21: TRANSPORT LAYER
DUTlES OF THE TRANSPORT LAYER
End-to-End Delivery
Addressing
Reliable Delivery
Flow Control
Multiplexing
CONNECTlON
Connection Establishment
Connection Termination
THE OSl TRANSPORT PROTOCOL
Transport Classes
Transport Protocol Data Unit (TPDU)
Connection-Oriented and Connectionless Services
SUMMARY
PRACTlCE SET
Multiple Choice
Exercises
Chapter 22: UPPER OSl LAYERS
SESSlONLAYER
Session and Transport Interaction
Synchronization Points
Session Protocol Data Unit
PRESENTATlON LAYER
Translation
Encryption/Decryption
Authentication
Data Compression
APPLlCATlON LAYER
Message Handling System (MHS)
File Transfer, Access, and Management (FTAM)
Virtual Tenninal (VT)
Directory Services (DS)
Common Management Information Protocol (CMlP)
SUMMARY
PRACTlCE SET
Multiple Choice
Exerclses
Chapter23: TCPllP
OVERVlEWOFTCP/IP
TCP/IP and the Intemet
TCP/IPandOSl
Encapsulation
NETWORKLAYEk
Intemetwork Protocol (IP)
Other Protocols in the Network Layer
TRANSPORTLAYER
User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
APPLlCATlON LAYER
Domain Name System (DNS)
TELNET
File Transfer Protocols
File Access Using NFS and RPC
Electronic Mail: SMTP
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
Gopher
Archie
Veronica
Wide Area InformatIon Service (WAlS)
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
WORLD WlDE WEB (WWW)
Unifonn Resource Locator (URL)
Browser Architecture
SUMMARY
PRACTlCE SET
Multiple Choice
Exercises
Appendix A: ASCll AND EBCDlC CODES
Appendix B: NUMBERlNG SYSTEMS AND
TRANSFORMATlON
Appendlx C: REPRESENTATlON OF BlNARY NUMBERS
Appendix D: ONE'S COMPLEMENT ARlTHMETlC FOR
CHECKSUM CALCULATlON
AppendixE: FOURlER ANALYSlS
Appendix F: HARDWARE EQUlPMENT FOR
ERROR DETECTlON
AppendixG: HUFFMAN CODlNG
AppendixH: IPVERSlON 6
ACRONYMS
GLOSSARY
REFERENCES
INDEX
