有色金属生物冶金

1 Biohydrometallurgy andBacteria

1.1 Introduction

1.2 DevelopmentinHydrometallurgy

1.3 BacteriaandPhylogeny

1.4 Numtion

1.4.1 Carbon nutrition souses

1.4.2 Nitrogen nutrition SOUrCeS

1.5 Energy Sources

1.5.1 Iren oxidation

1.5.2 Sulfur oxidation

1.5.3 Electron donom and electron accoptors

1.5.4 Mineral oxidating ability

1.6 Mesophilic and Acidophiles in Mineral Bioleaching

1.7 Summary

Questions

Note

2 SurfaceChemistry ofBacterialLeaching

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Adhesion andAttachmentofBacteriatoMineral Surfaces

2.3 Theory ofBacterialAttachmentto Surfaces

2.4 BiofilmColloidFomationonBacterialCells

2.5 Summary

Questions

Note

3 Electrochemistry of Mineral Dissolution and Bioleaching

3.l Introduction

3.2 Electrochemical Mechanism of Oxidative and Reductive Reactions

3.2.1 Anodic and cathodic reactions

3.2.2 Influence of the electronic structare of the mineral on the dissctution rate

3.3 Applications of Electrochemical Mechanism in Leaching

3.3.1 Chemicalleaching ofwrite byferricions

3.3.2 Effect of bacterial action on the mixed potential of pyrite

3.3.3 Effect of electrochemical bioleaching on the copper recovery

3.4 ElectrochemicalKinetics andModeling

3.4.1 Kinetics of the oxidative dissolution of sphalerite

3.4.2 Electrochemical kinetics and model of bacterial leaching

3.5 Summary

Questions

Note

4 Biohydrometailurgy ofCopper

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Definitions and Mineralogy Related to Copper Leaching

4.2.1 Pyrite

4.2.2 Secondary sulfides

4.2.3 Primarv sulfides

4.3 PhysicoChemicalLeachingVariables

4.3.1 Surface area

4.3.2 Acidlevels

4.3.3 Oxidants

4.3.4 Agglomeration

4.3.5 Curingtime

4.3.6 Permeability

4.4 BacterialLeachingVariables

4.4.1 Acidity

4.4.2 Oxygen

4.4.3 Nutrition

4.4.4 Heat

4.4.5 Mineralogy

4.4.6 Bacterialinoculation.

4.4.7 Iron

4.5 HeapOperatingVariables

4.5.1 Irrigation distribution

4.5.2 Solution stacking

4.5.3 Solution collection.

4.5.4 Pad stacking／configuration

4.6 LeachSolutionProcessingt

4.6.1 Coppercementation

4.6.2 Directelectrowinningt

4.6.3 Solvent extraction一

4.6.4 Electrowinning

4.7 Commercial Installations and Environmental Considerations

4.7.1 In situleaching

4.7.2 Dumpleaching

4.7.3 Heapleaching

4.8 Summary

Questions

Note

5 BiooxidationofGoldBearingOres

5.1 IntrOduc廿on

5.2 BIOX~BacterialCulture

5.3 ChemicalReactions andPrecessControl

5.3.1 Chemical reactions

5.3.2 Influence of oremineralogy

5.3.3 Effectoftemperature and cooling requirements

5.3.4 pH control

5.3.5 Oxygen supply

5.4 Operations Conditions and Process Requirements

5.4.1 Bioreactorconfiguration

5.4.2 Rateof sulfidemineral oxidation and gold dissolution

5.4.3 General process requirements

5.4.4 Effects of chloride and arsenic on BIOX~process

5.5 Summary

Questions

Note

6 Biohydrometallurgical Processing of Colt，Nickel and Zinc

6.l Introduction

6.2 Cobalt Bioleaching with Autotrophic and Mixoa'ophic Bacteria

6.3 Nickel Bioleaching with Autotrophic and Mixotrophic Bacteria

6.4 Zinc Bioleaching with Autotrophic and Mixotrophic Bacteria

6.5 Metal Mobilization by Microbially Generated Acids／Ligands

6.6 Summary

Questions

Note

7 Bioh）rdrometallurgicai Recovery of Heavy Metals from Industrial

Wastes

7.1 Introduction.

7.2 Metal RecoveryfromWaste Sludge andFlyAsh

7.3 MetalRecoveryfromMineWaste andNuclearWaste

7.4 Metal Recovery from River Sediments and Metal Finishing Waste Water

7.5 Summary

Questions

Note

8 Biohydrometallurgical Recovery of Value Metals from Secondary

Sources

8.l Introduction

8.2 MetalRecoveryfromElectronicWastes

8.3 MetalRecoveryfromBatteryWastes

8.4 Metal Recovery from Spent Petroleum Refinery Catalyst

8.5 Summary

Questions

Note

Appendix

References