UNIX教程（英文版·第2版）

Preface

Acknowledgments

Chapter0A“QuickStart”intotheUNIXOperatingSystem

0.1Introduction.

0.2TheStructureofaUNIXCommand

0.3LoggingOnandLoggingOff

0.3.1ConnectingviaaUNIXTerminal

0.3.2ConnectingviaPuTryonaMicrosoftWindowsMachine

0.3.3ConnectingviaaTelnetClientonaMicrosoftWindowsMachine

0.4FileMaintenanceCommandsandHelponUNIXCommandUsage

0.4.1FileandDirectoryStructure

0.4.2ViewingtheContentsofFiles

0.4.3Creating,Deleting,andManagingFiles

0.4.4Creating,Deleting,andManagingDirectories

0.4.5ObtainingHelpwiththemanCommand

0.4.6OtherMethodsofObtainingHelp

0.5UtilityCommands

0.5.1ExaminingSystemSetups

0.5.2PrintingandGeneralUtilityCommands

0.5.3CommunicationsCommand

0.6CommandAliases

Summary

Problems

Chapter1OverviewofOperatingSystems

1.1Introduction

1.2WhatIsanOperatingSystem?

1.3OperatingSystemServices

1.4CharacterversusGraphicalUserInterfaces

1.5TypesofOperatingSystems

1.6TheUNIXFamily

Summary

Problems

Chapter2BriefHistoryoftheUNIXOperatingSystem

2.1Introduction

22TheDevelopmentoftheUNIXOperatingSystem

2.2.1Beginnings

2.22ResearchOperatingSystem

2.2.3AT&TSystemV

2.2.4BerkeleySoftwareDistributions

2.2.5TheHistoryofShells

2.2.6CurrentandFutureDevelopments-LINUX

2.3VariationsinUNIXSystems

2.4WebResources

Summary

Problems

Chapter3GettingStarted

3.iIntroduction

3.2ComputerSystemSoftware

3.2.1Main/PrimaryStorage

3.2.2CentralProcessingUnit(CPU)

3.2.3Disk

3.2.4Bus

3.2.5I/ODevices

3.3UNIXSoftwareArchitecture

3.3.1DeviceDriverLayer

3.3.2TheUNIXKernel

3.3.3TheSystemCallInterface

3.3.4LanguageLibraries

3.3.5UNIXShell

3.3.6Applications

3.4LoggingOnandLoggingOff

3.5CorrectingMistakes

3.6SomeImportantSystemSetups

Summary

Problems

Chapter4UNIXShells

4.1Introduction

4.2VariousUNIXShells

4.2.1ShellPrograms

4.2.2WhichShellSuitsYourNeeds?

4.2.3WaystoChangeYourShell

4.2.4ShellStart-upFilesandEnvironmentVariables

4.3ShellMetacharacters

Summary

Problems

Chapter5EditingTextFiles

5.1Introduction

5.2HowtoDoShortandSimpleEditsbyUsingthepieoEditor

5.2.1CreatingtheTextofanE-mailMessagewiththepi~oTextEditor

5.2.2HowtoStart,SaveaFile,andEdit

5.2.3GeneralKeystrokeCommandsandCursorMovement

5.2.4Cutting/PastingandSearching

5.3ObtainingMoreControlbyUsingtheviEditor

5.3.1ShellScriptFile

5.3.2HowtoStart,SaveaFile,andExit

5.3.3TheFormatofaviCommandandtheModesofOperation

5.3.4CursorMovementandEditingCommands

5.3.5YankandPut(CopyandPaste)andSubstitute(SearchandReplace)

5.3.6SettingtheviEnvironment

5.3.7ExecutingShellCommandsfromWithinvi

5.4GettingMaximumControlUsingtheemaesEditor

5.4.1emacsScreenDisplay,GeneralemacsConceptsandFeatures

5.4.2DOSAliasesExample

5.4.3HowtoStart,SaveaFile,andExit

5.4.4CursorMovementandEditingCommands

5.4.5KeyboardMacros

5.4.6CutorCopyandPasteandSearchandReplace

5.4.7HowtoDoPurelyGraphicalEditingwithGNUemacs

5.4.8EditingDataFiles

5.4.9HowtoStart,SaveaFile,andExit

5.4.10emacsGraphicalMenus

5.4.11CreatingandEditingCPrograms

5.4.12WorkinginMultipleBuffers

Summary

Problems

Chapter6ElectronicMail

6.1Introduction

6.1.1E-mailProtocols

6.1.2E-mailFeatures

6.2HowtoUsetheUNIXmailCommandEffectively

6.3GraphicalE-mailwithKmail

6.3.1StartingoutwithKmail

6.3.2ReadingE-mailinKmail

6.3.3SendingE-mailinKmail

6.3.4SimpleFilteringofE-mailintoFolders

6.4pine-AnotherFull-ScreenDisplayE-mailSystem

6.4.1SendinganE-mailMessagebyUsingpinewithanAttachmentCreatedinvi

6.4.2SendingE-mailwithpine

6.4.3ReadingE-mailwithpine

6.4.4DisposingofE-mailinFoldersinpine

6.4.5UsingthepineAddressBook

6.4.6ASummaryofpineCommands

Summary

Problems

Chapter7FilesandFileSystemStracture

7.1Introduction

7.2TheUNIXFileConcept

7.3TypesofFiles

7.3.1Simple/OrdinaryFile

7.3.2Directory

7.3.3LinkFile

7.3.4Special(Device)File

7.3.5NamedPipe(FIFO)

7.3.6Socket

7.4FileSystemStructure

7.4.1FileSystemOrganization

7.4.2HomeandPresentWorkingDirectories

7.4.3Pathnames:AbsoluteandRelative

7.4.4SomeStandardDirectoriesandFiles

7.5NavigatingtheFileStructure

7.5.1DeterminingtheAbsolutePathnameforYourHomeDirectory

7.5.2BrowsingtheFileSystem

7.5.3CreatingFiles

7.5.4CreatingandRemovingDirectories

7.5.5DeterminingFileAttributes

7.5.6DeterminingtheTypeofaFile'sContents

7.6FileRepresentationandStorageinUNIX

7.7StandardFilesandFileDescriptors

7.8EndofFile(eof)Marker

Summary

Problems

Chapter8FileSecurity

8.1Introduction

8.2Password-BasedProtection

8.3Encryption-BasedProtection

8.4ProtectionBasedonAccessPermission

8.4.1TypesofUsers

8.4.2TypesofFileOperations/AccessPermissions

8.4.3AccessPermissionsforDirectories

8.5DeterminingandChangingFileAccessPrivileges

8.5.1DeterminingFileAccessPrivileges

8.5.2ChangingFileAccessPrivileges

8.5.3AccessPrivilegesforDirectories

8.5.4DefaultFileAccessPrivileges

8.6SpecialAccessBits

8.6.1TheSet-User-ID(SUID)Bit

8.6.2TheSet-Group-ID(SGID)Bit

8.6.3TheStickyBit

Summary

Problems

Chapter9BasicFileProcessing

9.1Introduction

9.2ViewingContentsofTextFiles

9.2.1ViewingCompleteFiles

9.2.2ViewingFilesOnePageataTime

9.2.3ViewingtheHeadorTailofaFile

9.3Copying,Moving,andRemovingFiles

9.3.1CopyingFiles

9.3.2MovingFiles

9.3.3Removing/DeletingFiles

9.3.4DeterminingFileSize

9.4AppendingtoFiles

9.5CombiningFiles

9.6ComparingFiles

9.7RemovingRepeatedLines

9.8PrintingFilesandControllingPrintJobs

9.8.1UNIXMechanismforPrintingFiles

9.8.2PrintingFiles

9.8.3FindingtheStatusofYourPrintRequests

9.8.4CancelingYourPrintJobs

Summary

Problems

Chapter10AdvancedFileProcessing

10.1Introduction

10.2RegularExpressions

10.3CompressingFiles

10.3.1ThecompressCommand

10.3.2TheuncompressCommand

10.3.3ThegzipCommand

10.3.4ThegunzipCommand

10.3.5ThegzexeCommand

10.3.6ThezcatCommand

10.3.7ThepackandunpackCommands

10.4SortingFiles

10.5SearchingforCommandsandFiles

10.6SearchingFiles

10.7CuttingandPasting

10.8EncodingandDecoding

10.9FileEncrypfonandDecryprion

Summary

Problems

Chapter11FileSharing

11.1Introduction..

11.2DuplicateSharedFiles

11.3CommonLoginforMembersofaTeam

11.4SettingAppropriateAccessPermissionsonSharedFile

11.5CommonGroupforMembersoraTeam

11.6FileSharingviaLinks

11.6.1HardLinks

11.6.2DrawbacksofHardLinks

11.6.3Soft/SymbolicLinks

11.6.4ProsandConsofSymbolicLinks

Summary

Problems

Chapter12RedirectionandPiping

12.1Introduction

12.2StandardFiles

12.3InputRedirection

12.4OutputRedirection

12.5CombiningInputandOutputRedirection

12.6I/ORedirectionwithFileDescriptors

12.7RedirectingStandardError

12.8RedirectingstdoutandstderrinOneCommand

12.9Redirectingstdin,stdout,andstderrinOneCommand

12.10RedirectingwithoutOverwritingFileContents(Appending)

12.11UNIXPipes

12.12RedirectionandPipingCombined

12.13ErrorandRedirectionintheCShell

12.14RecapofI/OandErrorRedirection

12.15FIFOS

Summary

Problems

Chapter13Processes

13.1Introduction

13.2RunningMultipleProcessesSimultaneously

13.3UNIXProcessStates

13.4ExecutionofshellCommands

13.5ProcessAttributes

13.6ProcessandJobControl

13.6.1ForegroundandBackgroundProcessandRelatedCommands

13.6.2UNIXDaemons

13.6.3SequentialandParalldExecutionofCommands

13.6.4AbnormalTerminationofCommandsandProcesses

13.7ProcessHierarchyinUNIX

Summary

Problems

Chapter14NetworkingandInteraetworking

14.1Introduction

14.2ComputerNetworksandIntemetworks

14.3TheReasonsforComputerNetworksandIntemetworks

14.4NetworkModels

14.5TheTCP/IPProtocolSuite

14.5.1TheTCPandUDP

14.5.2RoutingofApplicationData-TheIntemetProtocol(IP)

14.5.3IPv4AddressesinDottedDecimalNotation

14.5.4SymbolicNames

14.5.5TranslatingNamestoIPAddresses-TheDomainNameSystem

14.5.6RequestForComments(RFCs)

14.6InternetServicesandProtocols

14.7TheClient-ServerSoftwareModel

14.8ApplicationSoftware

14.8.1DisplayingtheHostName

14.8.2DisplayingListofUsersUsingHostsonaNetwork

14.8.3DisplayingtheStatusofHostsonaNetwork

14.8.4TestingaNetworkConnection

14.8.5DisplayingInformationAboutUsers

14.8.6RemoteLogin

14.8.7RemoteCommandExecution

14.8.8FileTransfer

14.8.9RemoteCopy

14.8.10SecureShellandRelatedCommands

14.8.11InteractiveChat

14.8.12TracingtheRoutefromOneSitetoAnotherSite

14.9ImportantIntemetOrganizations

14.10WebResources

Summary

Problems

Chapter15IntroductoryBourneShellProgramming

15.1Introduction

15.2RunningaBourneShellScript

15.3ShellVariablesandRelatedCommands

15.3.1ReadingandWritingShellVariables

15.3.2CommandSubstitution

15.3.3ExportingEnvironment

15.3.4ResettingVariables

15.3.5CreatingRead-OnlyUser-DefinedVariables

15.3.6ReadingfromStandardInput

15.4PassingArgumentstoShellScripts

15.5CommentsandProgramHeaders

15.6ProgramControlFlowCommands

15.6.1Theif-then-elif-else-fiStatement

15.6.2TheforStatement

15.6.3ThewhileStatement

15.6.4TheuntilStatement

15.6.5ThebreakandcontinueCommands

15.6.6ThecaseStatement

Summary

Problems

Chapter16AdvancedBourneShellProgramming

16.1Introduction

162NumericDataProcessing

16.3TheHereDocument

16.4Interrupt(Signal)Processing

16.5TheexecCommandandFileI/O

16.5.1ExecutionofaCommandWithoutCreatingaNewProcess

16.5.2FileI/OviatheexecCommand

16.6FunctionsintheBourneShell

16.6.1TheReasonsforFunctions

16.6.2FunctionDefinition

16.6.3FunctionInvocation/Call

16.7DebuggingShellPrograms

Summary

Problems

Chapter17IntroductoryCShellProgramming

17.1Introduction

17.2RunningaCShellScript

17.3ShellVariablesandRelatedCommands

17.3.1ReadingandWritingShellVariables

17.3.2CommandSubstitution

17.3.3ExportingEnvironment

17.3.4ResettingVariables

17.3.5ReadingfiomStandardInput

17.4PassingArgumentstoShellScripts

17.5CommentsandProgramHeaders

17.6ProgramControlFlowCommands

17.6.1Theif-then-else-endifStatement

17.6.2TheforeachStatement

17.6.3ThewhileStatement

17.6.4Thebreak,continue,andgotocommands

17.6.5TheswitchStatement

Summary

Problems

Chapter18AdvancedCShellProgramming

18.1Introduction

18.2NumericDataProcessing

18.3ArrayProcessing

18.4TheHereDocument

18.5Interrupt(Signal)Processing

18.6DebuggingShellPrograms

Summary

Problems

Chapter19FileSystemBackup

19.1Introduction

19.2ArchivingandRestoringFilesviatar

19.2.1ArchivingFiles

19.2.2RestoringArchivedFiles

192.3CopyingDirectoryHierarchies

19.3SoftwareDistributioninthetarFormat

Summary

Problems

Chapter20UNIXToolsforSoftwareDevelopment

20.1Introduction

20.2ComputerProgrammingLanguages

20.3TheCompilationProcess

20.4TheSoftwareEngineeringLifeCycle

20.5ProgramGenerationTools

20.5.1GeneratingCSourceFiles

20.5.2IndentingCSourceCode

20.5.3CompilingC,C++,andJAVAPrograms

20.5.4HandlingModule-BasedCSoftware

20.5.5BuildingObjectFilesintoaLibrary

20.5.6WorkingwithLibraries

20.5.7VersionControl

20.6StaticAnalysisTools

20.6.1VerifyingCodeforPortability

20.6.2SourceCodeMetrics

20.7DynamicAnalysisTools

20.7.1TracingProgramExecution

20.7.2SourceCodeDebugging

20.7.3Run-TimePerformance

20.8WebResources

Summary

Problems

Chapter21UNIXGUIBasics

21.1Introduction

21.2BasicsofXfree86

21.2.1WhatIsXfree86SimilarTo,andWhatAdvantage(s)DoesItHave?

21.2.2TheKeyComponentsofInteractivity-EventsandRequests

21.2.3TheRoleofaWindowManagerintheUserInterface,andfvwm2

21.2.4CustomizingXFree86andfvwm2

21.3TheKDEDesktopManager

21.3.1LoggingInandLoggingOut

21.3.2TheKDEPanel

21.3.3NewPackageInstallation

21.3.4KWMWindowManager

21.3.5TheKDEControlCenter

21.3.6FileManagementwithKonqueror

21.4TheMacOSXAquaGUI

21.4.1TheAppearanceoftheMacDesktop

21.4.2TheDock

21.4.3CustomizingtheDock

21.4.4TheFinkPackageManagerforInstallingUNIXApplications

21.4.5SystemPreferenceChangesandtheTerminalInspector

21.4.6TheFinderPreferences

21.4.7UsingtheOSXFindertoSearchtheEntireFileSystem

21.5WebResources

Summary

Problems...

Appendix:CommandDictionary

Glossary

Index