IP路由技术基础：英文版

Chapter 1 Topology and Router configurations

Understanding the Role of Routers in Networks

The Router Interface

Network Layer Addresses

Datagrams

MAC Addresses

IP Address formats

Network Reference Models

Understanding topology and Router Configurations

RouterA's Configuration

RouterB's Configuration

RouterC's Configuration

Understanding What a Router Does

Sample Network

How a Router Knows What to Do

Choosing Your Routing Protocol

Understanding How forwarding Decisions

Are Made

Performing Longest Match Lookups

Forwarding Decisions for Multipoint Interfaces

End Systems Sending Packets to Other Subnets

Summary

Chapter 2 Routing Metrics and Distances

Primary Activties of Convergence

Viewing the Invalid Timers in a Routing Table

Viewing an Expired Invalid Timer in a Routing Table

Router Still Uses a Path

Understanding convergence

Parallel Paths

The Effect of Parallel Paths on Convergence

Looking at Parallel Pates in a Routing Table

Convergence in Action

The Routing Table After convergence

Step-by-Step Review of Convergence

Debug Messages and Reality

When Holddown Is Initiated

Understanding Parallel Paths and Their Effect on Packet Forwarding

Process Switching Versus Fast Switching

Configuring Process Switching

Configuring Fast Switching

Understanding the Role of Split Horizon

Routing Advertisements with Split Horizon Enabled

Routing Advertisements with Split Horizon Disabled

Routing Loops Caused by Disabling Split horizon

Loss of Connected Route Versus a dynamic Route

Split Horizon's Effect on Multipoint WAN Interfaces

Using Subinterfaces to Avoid Problems Caused by Split Horizon

Poison Reverse and Triggered Updates

IGRP Routing Metrics and Cisco Administrative distances

IGRP Metrics

Administrative Distances

Running Multiple Routing Protocols Concurrently

Altering IGRP's Bandwidth and Delay variables

Problems with Manipulating the Delay Variable

Understanding the Effects of Manipulating the Delay variable

Understanding the Effects of manipulating the Bandwidth Variable

Calculating IGRP Metrics

Summary

Chapter 3 Discontinuous Networks,Summarization,and Subnet 0

Introduction to Terminology

Discontinuous Networks Using RIP and IGRP

Understanding How a Router Derives the Correct Masks

Understanding Summarization (Summarized Routes)

Understanding Subnet

Summarized Routes Versus Subnet

Summarization Caused by Discontinuous Networks in Action

RIP Cannot Reach Discontiguous Subnets

Discontiguous Networks,Subnet 0,and Summarization Using IGRP

Discontiguous Networks Using Two Routers

Discontiguous Networks Using Three Routers

When Connectivity Is Possible

When Connectivity Is Not Possible

Alternating Paths for the First Ping

Using Other Routing Protocols

Using Summarization as a Tool

Summary

Chapter 4 Using IP Unnumbered and VLSM

Understanding IP Unnumbered

IP Unnumbered Causes Host routes and Lost Connectivity

Host Routes

Hosts Routes Using DDR

Configuring IP Unnumbered on Serial Interfaces

RIP and IGRP Behave the Same

RIP with IP Unnumbered Configured Properly

Displaying the Routes

Sending Routing Updates

Pinging the Interfaces

RIP with IP Unnumbered Configured Improperly

Examples of Route Problem

Lost Routes Problem

Using a Difference Subagent Mask and a Different Major Net

Understanding VLSM

VLSM Using RIP and IGRP

VLSM Experiment Using Two Routers

VLSM Experiment Using Three Routers

Correctly Configuring VLSM Blocked Routes

VLSM Summary

Chapter 5 Default Routing

Introduction to Default Routing

Gateway of Last Resort

Gateway of Last Resort for a Non-Local Domain

Gateway of Last Resort Still Works When Links Fail

Using IP Classless

In Review

Using Default and Static Routes in Complicated

networks

Using Static Routes Dealing with Too Much Default Routing Information

Fixing a Default Gateway Loop

The 0.0.0.0 with IGRP

what to Do Instead of Using 0.0.0.0 with IGRP

Using End Systems with Multiple Local Gateways

ICMP Router Discovery Protocol RFC1256

End Systems Using RIP

Cisco's Hot Standby Router Protocol

Using Floating Static Routes

Summary

Chapter 6 IP Troubleshooting Scenarios

Developing a Troubleshooting Routine

Using a Troubleshooting Scenario

Checking the Available Routes

Tracing the Route

Using Extended Pings to Track Connectivity

Other Possible Problems

An ARP Problem

Validating End System Routing Tables

Summary

Chapter 7 Bridging IP Between Dissimilar Media

Transnational Bridging

MSB Versus LSB

Bit Swapping MAC Addresses

ARP Explained

Translating Bridges and ARP Frames

ARP in Action

Vendor-Specific Solutions to ARP

Static ARPs

Displaying the Parameters of the ARP.EXE Command

Displaying the Current ARP Entries

How to Create a Static ARP Entry and Display It

Deleting Static ARP Entries

Summary

Chapter 8 Hexadecimal and Binary Numbering and Ip Addressing

Binary Numbering Versus Decimal Numbering

Hexadecimal Numbering Versus Decimal Numbering

Introduction to the 32-Bit IP Address Classes of Addresses

Default Subnet Masks for Class A,B,C,and D Addresses

Understanding Subnet Masks,Subnetting,and Superheating

Determining What Subnet Is Being Used

The Shorthand Subnet Mask Indicator

introduction to Superheating

Calculating Subnet and Host Combinations

Summary

Appendix A RFCs

How RFCs Work

RFCs Recommended for Further Study

RFC 2235:Hobbes'Internet Timeline

RFC 2200:Internet Official Protocol Standards

RFC 2151:A Primer on Internet and TCP/IP Tools and Utilities

RFC 2101:IPv4 Address Behavior Today

RFC 2031:IETF-ISOC Relationship

RFC 2028:The Organizations Involved in the IETF Standards Process

RFC 2027:IAB and IESG Selection ,Confirmation,and Recall Process :Operation of the Nominat-ing and Recall Committees

RFC 2026:The Internet Standards process:Revision

RFC 2008:Implications of Various Address Allocation Policies for Internet Routing

RFC 1935:What Is the Internet,Anyway

RFC 1925:The Twel\ve Networking Truths

RFC 1923:RIPv1 Applicability Statement for Historic Status

RFC 1918:Address Allocation for Private Internets

RFC 1917:An Appeal to the Internet Community to Return Unused IP Networks to the IANA

RFC 1878:Variable Length Subnet Table for IPv4

RFC 1812:Requirements for IP Version Routers

RFC 1631:the IP Network Address Translator

RFC 1601:Charter of the Internet ArchitectureBoard

RFC 1580:Guide to Network Resource Tools

RFC 1393:Tracerouted Using an IP Option

RFC 1256:ICMP Router Discovery Messages

RFC 1180:A TCP/IP Tutorial

RFC 1178:Choosing a Name for Your Computer

RFC 1149:A Standard for the Transmission of IP Datagrams on Avian Carriers

RFC 1058:Routing Information Protocol

RFC 826:An Ethernet Address Resolution Protocol

RFC 1700:Assigned Numbers

RFC 1534:BOOTP

RFC 2283,RFC 1966