MLA科研论文写作规范（第5版）

ForewordbyPhyllisFranklin

CHAPTER1:ResearchandWriting

1.1.TheResearchPaperasaFormofExploration

1.2.TheResearchPaperasaFormofWriting

1.3.SelectingaTopic

1.4.ConductingResearch

1.4.1.TheModernAcademicLibrary

1.4.2.TheCentralInformationSystem

1.4.3.ReferenceWorks

1.4.4.TheOnlineCatalogofLibraryHoldings

1.4.5.OtherLibraryResourcesandServices

1.4.6.InternetSources

1.5.CompilingaWorkingBibliography

1.6.EvaluatingSources

1.6.1.AuthorshipandAuthority

1.6.2.AccuracyandVerifiability

1.6.3.Currency

1.7.TakingNotes

1.8.Plagiarism

1.9.Outlining

1.9.1.WorkingOutline

1.9.2.ThesisStatement

1.9.3.FinalOutline

1.10.WritingDrafts

1.11.LanguageandStyle

1.12.GuidestoWriting

CHAPTER2:TheMechanicsofWriting

2.1.Spelling

2.1.1.Consistency

2.1.2.WordDivision

2.1.3.Plurals50

2.1.4.ForeignWords

2.2.Punctuation

2.2.1.ThePurposeofPunctuation

2.2.2.Commas

2.2.3.Semicolons

2.2.4.Colons

2.2.5.DashesandParentheses

2.2.6.Hyphens

2.2.7.Apostrophes

2.2.8.QuotationMarks

2.2.9.SquareBrackets

2.2.10.Slashes

2.2.11.Periods,QuestionMarks,andExclamationPoints

2.3.Italics(Underlining)

2.3.1.WordsandLettersReferredtoasWordsandLetters

2.3.2.ForeignWordsinanEnglishText

2.3.3.Emphasis

2.4.NamesofPersons

2.4.1.FirstandSubsequentUsesofNames

2.4.2.TitlesofPersons

2.4.3.NamesofAuthorsandFictionalCharacters

2.5.Numbers

2.5.1.ArabicNumerals

2.5.2.UseofWordsorNumerals

2.5.3.CommasinNumbers

2.5.4.PercentagesandAmountsofMoney

2.5.5.DatesandTimesoftheDay

2.5.6.InclusiveNumbers

2.5.7.RomanNumerals

2.6.TitlesofWorksintheResearchPaper

2.6.1.CapitalizationandPunctuation

2.6.2.UnderlinedTitles

2.6.3.TitlesinQuotationMarks

2.6.4.TitlesandQuotationswithinTitles

2.6.5.Exceptions

2.6.6.ShortenedTitles

2.7.Quotations

2.7.1.UseandAccuracyofQuotations

2.7.2.Prose

2.7.3.Poetry

2.7.4.Drama

2.7.5.Ellipsis

2.7.6.OtherAlterationsofSources

2.7.7.PunctuationwithQuotations

2.7.8.TranslationsofQuotations

2.8.CapitalizationandPersonalNamesinLanguages

OtherThanEnglish

2.8.1.French

2.8.2.German

2.8.3.Italian

2.8.4.Spanish

2.8.5.Latin

CHAPTER3:TheFormatoftheResearchPaper

3.1.PrintingorTyping

3.2.Paper

3.3.Margins

3.4.Spacing

3.5.HeadingandTitle

3.6.PageNumbers

3.7.TablesandIllustrations

3.8.CorrectionsandInsertions

3.9.Binding

3.10.ElectronicSubmission

CHAPTER4:Documentation:PreparingtheListofWorksCited

4.1.DocumentingSources

4.2.MLAStyle

4.3.TheListofWorksCitedandOtherSourceLists

4.4.PlacementoftheListofWorksCited

4.5.ArrangementofEntries

4.6.CitingBooksandOtherNonperiodical

Publications

4.6.1.TheBasicEntry:ABookbyaSingleAuthor

4.6.2.AnAnthologyoraCompilation

4.6.3.TwoorMoreBooksbytheSameAuthor

4.6.4.ABookbyTwoorMoreAuthors

4.6.5.TwoorMoreBooksbytheSameAuthors

4.6.6.ABookbyaCorporateAuthor

4.6.7.AWorkinanAnthology

4.6.8.AnArticleinaReferenceBook

4.6.9.AnIntroduction,aPreface,aForeword,oranAfterword

4.6.10.Cross-References

4.6.11.AnAnonymousBook

4.6.12.AnEdition

4.6.13.ATranslation

4.6.14.ABookPublishedinaSecondorSubsequentEdition

4.6.15.AMultivolumeWork

4.6.16.ABookinaSeries

4.6.17.ARepublishedBook

4.6.18.APublisher'sImprint

4.6.19.ABookwithMultiplePublishers

4.6.20.APamphlet

4.6.21.AGovernmentPublication

4.6.22.ThePublishedProceedingsofaConference

4.6.23.ABookinaLanguageOtherThanEnglish

4.6.24.ABookPublishedbefore1900

4.6.25.ABookwithoutStatedPublicationInformationorPagination

4.6.26.AnUnpublishedDissertation

4.6.27.APublishedDissertation

4.7.CitingArticlesandOtherPublicationsinPeriodicals

4.7.1.TheBasicEntry:AnArticleinaScholarlyJournalwithContinuousPagination

4.7.2.AnArticleinaScholarlyJournalThatPagesEachIssueSeparately

4.7.3.AnArticleinaScholarlyJournalThatUsesOnlyIssueNumbers

4.7.4.AnArticleinaScholarlyJournalwithMoreThanOneSeries

4.7.5.AnArticleinaNewspaper

4.7.6.AnArticleinaMagazine

4.7.7.AReview

4.7.8.AnAbstractinanAbstractsJournal

4.7.9.AnAnonymousArticle

4.7.10.AnEditorial

4.7.11.ALettertotheEditor

4.7.12.ASerializedArticle

4.7.13.ASpecialIssue

4.7.14.AnArticleinaMicroformCollectionofArticles

4.7.15.AnArticleReprintedinaLoose-LeafCollectionofArticles

4.8.CitingMiscellaneousPrintandNonprintSources

4.8.1.ATelevisionorRadioProgram

4.8.2.ASoundRecording

4.8.3.AFilmorVideoRecording

4.8.4.APerformance

4.8.5.AMusicalComposition

4.8.6.APainting,Sculpture,orPhotograph

4.8.7.AnInterview

4.8.8.AMaporChart

4.8.9.ACartoon

4.8.10.AnAdvertisement

4.8.11.ALecture,aSpeech,anAddress,oraReading

4.8.12.AManuscriptorTypescript

4.8.13.ALetterorMemo

4.8.14.ALegalSource

4.9.CitingElectronicPublications

4.9.1.Introduction

4.9.2.AnOnlineScholarlyProject,InformationDatabase,orProfessionalorPersonalSite

4.9.3.AnOnlineBook

4.9.4.AnArticleinanOnlinePeriodical

4.9.5.APublicationonCD-ROM,Diskette,orMagneticTape

4.9.6.AWorkinMoreThanOnePublicationMedium

4.9.7.AWorkfromanOnlineService

4.9.8.AWorkinanIndeterminateMedium

4.9.9.OtherElectronicSources

CHAPTER5:Documentation:CitingSourcesintheText

5.1.ParentheticalDocumentationandtheListofWorksCited

5.2.InformationRequiredinParenthetical

Documentation

5.3.Readability

5.4.SampleReferences

5.4.1.CitinganEntirePrintorNonprintWork

5.4.2.CitingPartofaWork

5.4.3.CitingVolumeandPageNumbersofaMultivolumeWork

5.4.4.CitingaWorkListedbyTitle

5.4.5.CitingaWorkbyaCorporateAuthor

5.4.6.CitingTwoorMoreWorksbytheSameAuthororAuthors

5.4.7.CitingIndirectSources

5.4.8.CitingLiteraryandReligiousWorks

5.4.9.CitingMoreThanOneWorkinaSingleParentheticalReference

5.5.UsingNoteswithParentheticalDocumentation

5.5.1.ContentNotes

5.5.2.BibliographicNotesCHAPTER6:Abbreviations

6.1.Introduction

6.2.TimeDesignations

6.3.GeographicNames

6.4.CommonScholarlyAbbreviations

6.5.Publishers'Names

6.6.SymbolsandAbbreviationsUsedinProofreadingandCorrection

6.6.1.SelectedProofreadingSymbols

6.6.2.CommonCorrectionSymbolsandAbbreviations

6.7.TitlesofLiteraryandReligiousWorks

6.7.1.Bible

6.7.2.Shakespeare

6.7.3.Chaucer

6.7.4.OtherLiteraryWorks

AppendixA:SelectedReferenceWorksbyField

A.1.Anthropology

A.2.Art

A.3.Biology

A.4.Business

A.5.Chemistry

A.6.ComputerScience

A.7.Education

A.8.EnvironmentalSciences

A.9.Geography

A.10.Geology

A.11.History

A.12.LanguageandLiterature

A.13.Law

A.14.Mathematics

A.15.Medicine

A.16.Music

A.17.Philosophy

A.18.Physics

A.19.Psychology

A.20.Religion

A.21.ScienceandTechnology

A.22.Sociology

AppendixB:OtherSystemsofDocumentation

B.1.EndnotesandFootnotes

B.1.1.DocumentationNotesversustheListofWorksCitedandParentheticalReferences

B.1.2.NoteNumbers

B.1.3.NoteFormversusBibliographicForm

B.1.4.EndnotesversusFootnotes

B.1.5.SampleFirstNoteReferences:BooksandOtherNonperiodicalPublications

B.1.6.SampleFirstNoteReferences:ArticlesandOtherPublicationsinPeriodicals

B.1.7.SampleFirstNoteReferences:MiscellaneousPrintandNonprintSources

B.1.8.SampleFirstNoteReferences:ElectronicPublications

B.1.9.SubsequentReferences

B.2.Author-DateSystem

B.3.NumberSystem

B.4.SpecializedStyleManuals

SamplePagesofaResearchPaperinMLAStyle

Index