英语语音学

Contents

序

修订版前言

Introduction

1. English Phonetics

2. Study Method

3. International Phonetic Alphabet

4.British English and American English

5.List of Symbols Used

Part One Rhythm

Unit 1 Word Stress

Kinds of Stress

Stress Placement

Stress Influence on Meaning of Words

Unit 2 Sentence Stress

Sense Stress

Logical Stress

Emotional Stress

Unit 3 Rhythm and Its Features

Rhythm

Rhythm Group and Its Division

Features of English Rhythm

Unit 4 Rhythm Patterns

Unit 5 Sense-groups and Pausing

Sense-groups and Their Divisions

Pausing

Part Two Intonation

Unit 6 A Brief Introduction

Definition

Function

Illustrating Intonation

Unit 7 Basic Tones and Their Training

Basic Tones

Basic Training of Tones

Unit 8 Tone-groups

Tone-group

Tone-group Division

Structure of the Tone-group (or Tune)

Prehead

Head

Body

Nucleus

Tail

Features of an English Tune

Unit 9 Function of Tunes and Their Uses

Falling Tune

Rising Tune

Falling-rising Tune

Unit 10 Combined Tunes

Fall + Fall

Fall + Rise

Rise + Fall

Rise + Rise

Fall + Fall-rise

Fall-rise + Fall

Fall-rise + Rise

Unit 11 Reading of Long Sentences

Tune Broken Upwards (Broken Tune or Acci-

dental Rise)

Intonation of Vocatives

Intonation of Parenthesis

Intonation of Reporting Phrases

Part Three Pronunciation

Unit 12 Organs of Speech

Unit 13 The Classification of Phonemes

Phonemes and Allophones

Classification of English Phonemes

Unit 14 The English Vowels-Pure Vowels

Front Vowels /i:/ and /I/

Front Vowels lel and faef

Central Vowels /3:/ /el and /A/

Back Vowel 1/a:/

Back Vowels /P/ and/o:/

Back Vowels /u/ and /u:/

Unit 15 The English Vowels-Diphthongs

Closing Diphthongs /ei/, /ai/, and /cI/

Closing Diphthongs /ev/ and/a/

Centring Diphthongs /ie/ /ee/ and /ve/

Unit 16 Consonants

Plosives/p/,/b/;/t/,/d/ ;/k/,/g/

Fricatives/f/,/v/; /f/, /3/

Fricatives /s/, /z/; /8/, /6/

Fricatives /h/; frictionless continuant /r/ and

the lateral /l/

Unit 17 Consonants (continued)

Nasals /m/, /n/, and /g/

Affricates /tf/ and /d3/

Semi-vowels /w/ and /j/

Unit 18 Phonemes in Combination

The Syllable Theories and Definition

Syllable Construction

Open Syllables

Closed Syllables

Unit 19 Consonant Clusters and Incomplete Plosion

Consonant Clusters

Incomplete plosion

Unit 20 Sound Changes in Connected Speech

Liaison

Strong Forms and Weak Forms

Elision

Assimilation

Length of a sound

Additional Remarks: Reading as an Exercise in Enuncia

tion and Delivery

1. Some Basic Points

Breathing and Resonance in the Mouth and Nose

Cavities

Sense-groups and Pausing

Pace (or Tempo), Intensity and Pitch

Tone and Expression

A Thorough Understanding of the Reading Ma-

terial

2. Models for Appreciation and Imitation

Appendix Rules of Reading

Appendix British English and American English in Com-

parison

Appendix Glossary

Main References