C++面向对象程序设计：英文版

Preface v.

1 OBJECT-ORIENTED PROGRAMMING 1

1.1 Object-Oriented and Procedural Programming 2

Relationships 4

1.2 Classes and Abstract Data Types 5

Information Hiding 5

Encapsulation 6

Abstract Data Types 6

1.3 The Client/Server Model and Message Passing 9

The Client/Server Model 9

Message Passing and Method Invocation 10

1.4 Inheritance and Polymorphism 12

Inheritance 12

Polymorphism 13

Polymorphism and Recursion 14

1.5 Interfaces and Components 17

Component Technology 19

2 FROM C TO C++ 21

2.1 Namespaces 22

2.2 Introduction to C++ Input/Output 27

Manipulators 29

Mixing C and C++ Input/Output 34

2.3 Files 35

Testing Whether Files Are Open 37

2.4 C++ Features 38

Casts 38

static_cast 38

const_cast 39

reinterpret_cast 40

dynamic_cast 40

Constants 40

The DataType bool 40

Enumerated Types 41

Defining Variables 42

Structures 43

2.5 The Type string 44

Defining string Variables 45

Conversion to C-Style Strings 45

String Length 45

Writing and Reading strings 45

Assignment 47

Concatenation 48

Modifying Strings 48

Extracting a Substring 51

Searching 51

Comparing Strings 53

2.6 Functions 56

Prototypes 56

The main Function 57

References 57

Call by Reference 58

Return by Reference 59

Inline Functions 62

Default Arguments 63

Overloading Functions 64

Function Signatures 65

2.7 The new and delete Operators 70

2.8 Exception Handling 73

C++ Postscript 78

Keywords 78

Unnamed Namespaces 78

Anonymous Unions 78

The Member Selector Operators 79

Common Programming Errors 83

Programming Exercises 93

3 CLASSES 98

3.1 Classes and Objects 99

Class Declarations 99

Information Hiding in C++ 100

The Member Selector Operator 10!

Class Scope 103

The Difference between the Keywords class and struct 103

Defining Class Methods 104

Using Classes in a Program 106

3.2 Sample Application: A Stack Class 109

3.3 Efficiency and Robustness Issues for Classes and Objects 112

Passing and Returning Objects by Reference 113

Object References as const Parameters 113

const Methods 114

Overloading Methods to Handle Two Types of Strings 116

3.4 Sample Application: A Time Stamp Class 117

3.5 Constructors and the Destructor 124

Constructors 124

Arrays of Class Objects and the Default Constructor 127

Restricting Object Creation Through Constructors 127

The Copy Constructor 129

Defining a Copy Constructor 129

Disabling Passing and Returning by Value for Class Objects 135

Convert Constructors 136

The Convert Constructor and Implicit Type Conversion 137

Constructor Initializers 138

Constructors and the Operators new and new[ ] 139

The Destructor 139

3.6 Sample Application: A Task Class 145

3.7 Class Data Members and Methods 151

static Variables Defined Inside Methods 155

3.8 Pointers to Objects 157

The Pointer Constant this 159

Common Programming Errors 161

Programming Exercises 169

4 INHERITANCE 175

4.1 Introduction 176

4.2 Basic Concepts and Syntax 178

private Members in Inheritance 180

Adjusting Access 181

Name Hiding 182

Indirect Inheritance 183

4.3 Sample Application: Tracking Films 185

4.4 protected Members .190

4.5 Constructors and Destructors Under Inheritance 195

Constructors Under Inheritance 195

Derived Class Constructor Rules 198

Destructors Under Inheritance 202

4.6 Sample Application: A Sequence Hierarchy 205

4.7 Multiple Inheritance 216

Inheritance and Access 217

Virtual Base Classes 218

C++ Postscript 221

Protected Inheritance 221

private Inheritance 222

Common Programming Errors 223

Programming Exercises 226

5 POLYMORPHISM 229

5.1 Run-Time versus Compile-Time Binding in C++ 230

Requirements for C++ Polymorphism 231

Inheriting virtual Methods 235

Run-Time Binding and the Vtable 236

Constructors and the Destructor 237

virtual Destructors 237

Object Methods and Class Methods 240

5.2 Sample Application: Tracking Films Revisited 242

5.3 Name Overloading, Name Overriding, and Name Hiding 252

Name Overloading 252

Name Overriding 253

Name Hiding 255

Name Sharing in C++ Programming 257

5.4 Abstract Base Classes 260

Abstract Base Classes and Pure virtu1 Methods 260

Restrictions on Pure Functions 262

Uses of Abstract Base Classes 262

Microsoft's IUnknown Interface 263

5.5 Run-Time Type Identification 265

The dynamic_cast Operator 265

The Rules for dynamic_cast and static_cast 271

Summary of dynamic_cast and Static_cast 272

The typeid Operator 272

Extending RTTI 274

C++ Postscript 275

Strong and Weak Polymorphism 275

Common Programming Errors 276

Programming Exercises 280

6 OPERATOR OVERLOADING 285

6.1 Basic Operator Overloading 286

Operator Precedence and Syntax 289

6.2 Sample Application: A Complex Number Class 291

6.3 Operator Overloading Using Top-Level Functions 296

6.4 friend Functions 302

6.5 Overloading the Input and Output Operators 305

6.6 Overloading the Assignment Operator 307

6.7 Overloading Some Special Operators 311

Overloading the Subscript OperatOr 312

Overloading the Function Call Operator 315

Overloading the Increment and Decrement Operators 318

Type Conversions 321

6.8 Sample Application: An Associative Array 324

6.9 Memory Management Operators 329

C++ Postscript 334

friend Classes 334

Common Programming Errors 335

Programming Exercises 338

7 TEMPLATES AND THE STANDARD TEMPLATE LIBRARY 340

7.1 Template Basics 341

Template Instantiations 345

Template Classes in a Parameter List 347

Function-Style Parameters 348

7.2 Sample Application: A Template Stack Class 351

Assertions 358

7.3 The Standard Template Library 359

Containers, Algorithms, and Iterators 360

Reasons for Using STL 360

Container Basics 362

Basic Sequential Containers: vector,deque,and list 363

Efficiency of vectors,deques,and lists 367

Basic Associative Containers: set,multiset,map,and multimap 367

Container Adaptors 370

Other Containers 372

Algorithms 377

Other STL Constructs 382

7.4 Sample Application: Stock Performance Reports 385

C++ Postscript 394

Template Classes and Inheritance 394

Common Programming Errors 395

Programming Exercises 397

8 THE C++ INPUT/OUTPUT CLASS HIERARCHY 402

8.1 Overview 403

Templates 407

8.2 The Classes ios_base and basic_ios 408

ios_base 408

basic_ios 414

Exceptions 416

8.3 The High-Level Input/Output Classes 419

basic_istream 419

basic_ostream 424

basic_iostream 426

8.4 Manipulators 428

8.5 The File Input/Output Classes 432

basic_ofstream 433

basic_ifstream 434

basic_fstream 436

8.6 Sample Application: A Random Access File Class 438

8.7 The Character Stream Input/Output Classes 457

basic_ostringstream 457

basic_istringstream 458

basic_stringstream 460

8.8 Sample Application: A High-Level Copy Function 461

8.9 The Buffer Classes 463

basic_streambuf 463

basic_filebuf 465

basic_stringbuf 472

C++ Postscript 474

Common Programming Errors 475

Programming Exercises 477

9 OBIECT-ORIENTED PROGRAMMING IN THE MICROSOFT FOUNDATION

CLASSES 479

9.1 Windows Programming in MFC 48|

Code Generators for MFC Programming 482

9.2 The Document/View Architecture in MFC 483

Document Serialization 486

9.3 Sample Application: Document Serialization 489

9.4 The Common Object Model 503

Changeable Servers and Unchangeable Interfaces 505

The Interface Hierarchy 505

The IDispatch Interface 506

Types of COM Applications 507

VC++ Support for COM 508

COM and OLE 508

9.5 Sample Application: An Automation Server and Controller 510

The Challenge of Reference Counting 522

C++ Postscript 523

Acronyms Used in Chapter 9 523

Programming Exercises 524

APPENDICES

A ASCII TASTE 527

B SEtECTED C++ FUNCTIONS AND METHODS 531

HINTS AND SOtUTIONS TO ODD-NUMBERED EXERCISES 573

INDEX 601