20世纪美国顶尖人才的人力资本形成

20世纪美国顶尖人才的人力资本形成
作 者: 付美榕
出版社: 外语教学与研究出版社
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作者简介

暂缺《20世纪美国顶尖人才的人力资本形成》作者简介

内容简介

美国经济史是一个成功的故事,一段神奇的历程:二百多年间的巨大增长与发展使一个由移民拓居地合并而成的国家跃居世界霸主地位。回望20世纪,美国在经济的众多领域始终实力超群,从而赢得“美国世纪”的声望。经济学家们普遍认为,一个国家的经济优势和发展潜力与其人力资本总量直接相关,人力资本投资是经济发展与社会进步的一个最重要的动力之源。作为蕴涵在人身上的知识、技能及特质.人力资本主要通过教育、培训、迁移、做中学等途径获得。人力资本的形成是国家、组织和个人有目的投资的结果,是人力资本生产制度的产物。近年来盛行的人力资本理论为本文探究20世纪美国经济强盛的根源提供了坚实的理论根据。强大的经济实力体现了美国的人力资本优势,而其核心因素是作为人力资本载体的人。在过去的一百年中,成千上万的劳动者为美国的繁荣兴旺付出了聪明才智,而他们中有一小部分人在各自的领域发挥了重要作用并产生巨大影响。本文认为,20世纪美国的超强地位取决于一大批顶尖人才的杰出贡献,因此,这些“关键的少数”(me Vital Few)社会英才值得特别关注。

图书目录

List of Tables

List of Figures

Chapter 1 Introduction

Context of the Study: American Century &Human Capital Century

Research Rationale: The 80/20 Principle

Sample Selection: Who Are the Vital Few for the U.S.Economic Power?

Literature Review

Thesis Organization

Significance of the Study

Chapter 2 Theoretical Framework of Human Capital

Evolution of Human Capital Theory

The Notion of Human Capital in Classical Economics

Emergence of Modem Human Capital Theory

Advance of Human Capital Theory

Dimensions of Human Capital

Defining Human Capital

Categorizing Human Capital

Socioeconomic Importance of Human Capital

Human Capital and Economic Development

Human Capital and Knowledge Economy

Forms of Human Capital Acquisition

Family Influence

Formal Education

Job Training

Learning by Doing

Research and Development

Migration

Health Care

Institutional Matrix of Human Capital Production

Institutional Components of Human Capital Production

Environment of Human Capital Production

Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital

Chapter 3 The Making of American Elite Scientists

Introduction

Historical Overview of American Science

Identifying American Elite Scientists

Defining Scientific and Technical Human Capital

Objectives and Data

Working of Social Origins

Influence of Family

Impact of Immigration

Religious Affiliation: The Case of Judaists

Process of Higher Learning

Selection and Recrnitment

Undergraduate Study

Graduate and Postdoctoral Training

Development and Attainment

Features of College Education

Master and Apprentice Ties

Mentorship That Makes a Difference

Progress in Scientific Career

Institutional Context

Evocative Environment

Research Collaboration

Chapter 4 The Making of American Business Giants

Introduction

Evolution of American Business: An Overview

Defining Entrepreneurial Human Capital

American Business Giants: Data and Sample

Social Origins

Family Background

Nation of Origin

Religious Affiliation: Judaists as a Case Study

Formal Education

Secondary Education as a Virtue

Higher Education Makes a Difference

Business Education as an Advantage

Other Avenues of Learning

Job Training

Military Service

Business Career Path

Climbing the Corporate Ladder

Entrepreneurial Adventure of Silicon Valleyites

American Entrepreneurship as Perpetual Driving Force

Chapter 5 The Making of American Government Leaders

Introduction

Historical Overview of the American Government

Identifying the U.S. Economic Policy Leaders

Purpose and Questions

Data and Method

Socioeconomic Background

Social Class Origin: Presidents as a Case Study

How Did Social Class Matter?

Higher Education

Institutions as Training Ground

Areas of Specialization

Women and Minorities: A Pattern of Imbalance

Career Lines to Political High Office

Military Experience

Prior Nongovernmental Occupations

Political Pathways

Chapter 6 Discussion and Analysis

Synthesizing the Findings

Family Influence

Migration

Higher Education

Military Service

Job Training

Self-improvement in Career

Social Networking

Linking the Individuals and the Systems

Higher Education System

Science and Technology System

Immigration System

Military System

Sociocultura! Value System

Chapter 7 Concluding Thoughts

Determinants of Human Capital Formation on Personal Level

Key Institutional Factors in American Top Talent Development

Considerations for Future Research

Appendix 1 List of American Elite Scientists as Sample

Appendix 2 List of American Business Giants by Industry

Appendix 3 List of American Political Leaders as Sample

Bibliography