TCP/IP路由技术（英文版）

Table of Contents

Introduction xxiv

Objectives xxv

Audience xxvi

Organization xxvii

Conventions and Features xxviii

Foreword 1

Chapter1

Routing Basics

Basic Concepts: Internetworks, Routers, and

Addresses

Bicycles with Motors

Data Link Addresses

Repeaters and Bridges

Routers

Network Addresses

Looking Ahead

Recommended Reading

Review Questions

TCP/IP Review

The TCP/IP Protocol Layers

The IP Packet Header

IP Addresses

The First Octet Rule

Address Masks

Subnets and Subnet Masks

Designing Subnets

Breaking the Octet Boundary

Troubleshooting a Subnet Mask

ARP

Proxy ARP

Gratuitous ARP

Reverse ARP

ICMP

The Host-to-Host Layer

CHAPTER 2 TCP

UDP

Looking Ahead

Summary Table: Chapter 2 Command Review

Recommended Reading

Review Questions

Configuration Exercises

Troubleshooting Exercises

CHAPTER 3 Static Routing

The Route Table

Configuring Static Routes

Case Study: Simple Static Routes

Case Study: Summary Routes

Case Study: Alternative Routes

Case Study: Floating Static Routes

Case Study: Load Sharing

Per Destination Load Sharing and Fast

Switching

Per Packet Load Sharing and Process

Switching

Case Study: Recursive Table Lookups

Troubleshooting Static Routes

Case Study: Tracing a Failed Route

Case Study: A Protocol Conflict

Looking Ahead

Summary Table: Chapter 3 Command Review

Review Questions

Configuration Exercises

Troubleshooting Exercises

Chapter 4 Dynamic Routing Protocols

Routing Protocol Basics

Path Determination

Metrics

Hop Count

Bandwidth

Load

Delay

Reliability

Cost

Convergence

Load Balancing

Distance Vector Routing Protocols

Common Characteristics

Periodic Updates

Neighbors

Broadcast Updates

Full Routing Table Updates

Routing by Rumor

Route Invalidation Timers

Split Horizon

Counting to Infinity

Triggered Updates

Holddown Timers

Asynchronous Updates

Link State Routing Protocols

Neighbors

Link State Flooding

Sequence Numbers

Aging

The Link State Database

The SPF Algorithm

Areas

Interior and Exterior Gatewav Protocols

Static or Dynamic Routing?

Looking Ahead

Recommended Reading

Review Questions

Part 11 Interior Routing Protocols

Chapter 5 Routing Information Protocol (RIP)

Operation of RIP

RIP Timers and Stability Features

RIP Message Format

Request Message Types

Classful Routing

Classful Routing: Directly Connected Subnets

Classful Routing: Summarization at Boundary

Routers

Classful Routing: Summary

Configuring RIP 205

Case Study: A Basic RIP Configuration

Case Study: Passive Interfaces

Case Study: Configuring Unicast Updates

Case Study: Discontiguous Subnets

Case Study: Manipulating RIP Metrics

Troubleshooting RIP

Looking Ahead

Summary Table: Chapter 5 Command Review

Recommended Reading

Review Questions

Configuration Exercises

Troubleshooting Exercises

Chapter 6 Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP)

Operation of IGRP

IGRP Timers and Stability Features

IGRP Metrics

IGRP Packet Format

Configuring IGRP

Case Study: A Basic IGRP Configuration

Case Study: Unequal-Cost Load Balancing

Case Study: Setting Maximum Paths

Case Study: Multiple IGRP Processes

Troubleshooting IGRP 260

Case Study: Unequal-Cost Load Balancing,

Again

Case Study: A Segmented Network

Looking Ahead

Summary Table: Chapter 6 Command Review

Recommended Reading

Review Questions

Configuration Exercises

Troubleshooting Exercises

Chapter 7 Routing Information Protocol Version 2

Operation of RIPv2

RIPv2 Message Format

Compatibility with RIPv

Classless Route Lookups

Classless Routing Protocols

Variable-Length Subnet Masking

Authentication

Configuring RIPv2

Case Study: A Basic RIPv2 Configuration

Case Study: Compatibility with RIPvl

Case Study: Using VLSM

Case Study: Discontiguous Subnets and Classless

Routing

Case Study: Authentication

Troubleshooting RIPv2

Case Study: Misconfigured VLSM

Looking Ahead

Summary Table: Chapter 7 Command Review

Recommended Reading

Review Questions

Configuration Exercises

Troubleshooting Exercises

Chapter 8 Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol

(EIGRP)

Operation of EIGRP

Protocol-Dependent Modules

Reliable Transport Protocol

Neighbor Discovery/Recovery

The Diffusing Update Algorithm

DUAL: Preliminary Concepts

The DUAL Finite State Machine

Diffusing Computation: Example 1

Diffusing Computation: Example 2

EIGRP Packet Formats

The EIGRP Packet Header

General TLV Fields

IP-Specific TLV Fields

Address Aggregation

Configuring EIGRP

Case Study: A Basic ETCRP Configuration

Case Study: Redistribution with IGRP

Case Study: Disabling Automatic Summarization

Case Study: Address Aggregation

Authentication

Troubleshooting EIGRP

Case Study: A Missing Neighbor

Stuck-in-Active Neighbors

Looking Ahead

Summary Table: Chapter 8 Command review

Review Questions

Configuration Exercises

Troubleshooting Exercises

Chapter 9 Open Shortest Path First

Operation of OSPF

Neighbors and Adjacencies

The Hello Protocol

Network Types

Designated Routers and Backup Designated

Routers

OSPF Interfaces

OSPF Neighbors

Flooding

Areas

Router Types

Partitioned Areas

Virtual Links

The Link State Database

LSA Types

Stub Areas

The Route Table

Destination Types

Path Types

Route Table Lookups

Authentication

OSPF over Demand Circuits

OSPF Packet Formats

The Packet Header

The Hello Packet

The Database Description Packet

The Link State Request Packet

The Link State Update Packet

The Link State Acknowledgment Packet.

OSPF LSA Formats

The LSA Header

The Router LSA

The Network LSA

The Network and ASBR Summary LSAs

The Autonomous System External LSA

The NSSA External LSA

The Options Field

Configuring OSPF

Case Study: A Basic OSPF Configuration

Case Study: Setting Router IDs with Loopback

Interfaces

Case Study: Domain Name Service Lookups

Case Study: OSPF and Secondary Addresses

Case Study: Stub Areas

Case Study: Totally Stubby Areas

Case Study: Not-So-Stubby Areas

Case Study: Address Summarization

Case Study: Authentication

Case Study: Virtual Links

Case Study: OSPF on NBMA Networks

Case Study: OSPF over Demand Circuits

Troubleshooting OSPF

Case Study: An Isolated Area

Case Study: Misconfigured Summarization

Looking Ahead

Summary Table: Chapter 9 Command Review

Recommended Reading

Review Questions

Configuration Exercises

Troubleshooting Exercises

Chapter 10 Integrated IS-IS 592

Operation of Integrated IS-IS

IS-IS Areas

Network Entity Titles

IS-IS Functional Organization

Subnetwork Dependent Functions

Subnetwork Independent Functions

IS-IS PDU Formats

CLV Fields

The IS-IS Hello PDU Format

The IS-IS Link State PDU Format

The IS-IS Sequence Numbers PDU Format

Configuring Integrated IS-IS

Case Study: A Basic Integrated IS-IS

Configuration

Case Study: Changing the Router Types

Case Study: An Area Migration

Case Study: Route Summarization

Case Study: Authentication

Troubleshooting Integrated IS-IS

Troubleshooting IS-IS Adjacencies

Troubleshooting the IS-IS Link State Database

Case Study: Integrated IS-IS on NBMA

Networks

Looking Ahead

Summary Table: Chapter 10 Command Review

Review Questions

Configuration Exercises

Troubleshooting Exercises

Part 111 Route Control and Interoperability

Chapter 11 Route Redistribution

Principles of Redistribution

Metrics

Administrative Distances

Redistributing from Classless to Classful

Protocols

Configuring Redistribution

Case Study: Redistributing IGRP and RIP

Case Study: Redistributing EIGRP and OS

Case Study: Redistribution and Route

Summarization

Case Study: Redistributing IS-IS and RIP

Case Study: Redistributing Static Routes

Looking Ahead

Summary Table: Chapter 11 Command Review

Review Questions

Configuration Exercises

Troubleshooting Exercises

Chapter 12 Default Routes and On-Demand Routing

Fundamentals of Default Routes

Fundamentals of On-Demand Routing

Configuring Default Routes and ODR

Case Study: Static Default Routes

Case Study: The Default-Network Command

Case Study: The Default-Information Originate

Command

Case Study: Configuring On-Demand Routing

Looking Ahead

Summary Table: Chapter 12 Command Review

Review Questions

Chapter 13 Route Filtering

Configuring Route Filters

Case Study: Filtering Specific Routes

Case Study: Route Filtering and Redistribution

Case Study: A Protocol Migration

Case Study: Multiple Redistribution Points

Case Study: Using Distances to Set Router Pref-

erences

Looking Ahead

Summary Table: Chapter 13 Command Review

Configuration Exercises

Troubleshooting Exercises

Chapter 14 Route Maps

Basic Uses of Route Maps

Configuring Route Maps

Case Study: Policy Routing

Case Study: Policy Routing and Quality of Ser-

vice Routing

Case Study: Route Maps and Redistribution

Case Study: Route Tagging

Looking Ahead

Summary Table: Chapter 14 Command Review

Review Questions

Configuration Exercises

Troubleshooting Exercises

Part IV Appendixes

Appendix A Tutoriat: Working with Binary and Hex

Working with Binary Numbers

Working with Hexadecimal Numbers

Appendix B Tutorial: Access Lists

Access List Basics

Implicit Deny Any

Sequentiality

Access List Types

Editing Access Lists

Standard IP Access Lists

Extended IP Access Lists

TCP Access Lists

UDP Access Lists

ICMP Access Lists

Calling the Access List

Keyword Alternatives

Named Access Lists

Filter Placement Considerations

Access List Monitoring and Accounting

Appendix C CCIE Preparation Tips

Laying the Foundations

Hands-On Experience

Intensifying the Study

The Final Six Months

Exam Day 889

Appendix D Answers to Review Questions

Chapter 1

Chapter 2

Chapter 3

Chapter 4

Chapter 5

Chapter 6

Chapter 7

Chapter 8

Chapter 9

Chapter 10

Chapter 11

Chapter 12

Chapter 14

Appendix E Solutions to Configuration Problems

Chapter 2

Chapter 3

Chapter 5

Chapter 6

Chapter 7

Chapter 8

Chapter 9

Chapter 10

Chapterll

Chapter 13

Chapter 14

Appendix F Solutions to Troubleshooting Exercises

Chapter 2

Chapter 3

Chapter 5

Chapter 6

Chapter 7

Chapter 8

Chapter 9

Chapter 10

Chapter 11

Chapter 13

Chapter 14

Index