抗美援朝战争史

CONTENTS

Volume I

Chapter One

The Situation and Tasks After the Founding of the People’s

Republic of China 1

The Domestic Situation When the PRC Was Founded and the Tasks of

the People’s Government 3

The Third Plenary Session of the 7th CPC Central Committee Estimating

Fundamental Improvement of Financial and Economic Situation

in Three Years 8

The Missions of the People’s Liberation Army 11

Chapter Two

The Korean Civil War Broke Out 15

The Origin of the 38th Parallel 17

Different Policies of the US and the Soviet Union on the Korean Issue and

the Establishment of Two Governments in South and North Korea 25

The Struggle and Military Preparation Focusing on the Issue of

Unification of South and North Korea 39

The Korean Civil War Broke Out 45

Chapter Three

US Armed Invasion of Korea and Taiwan and

the Internationalization of the Korean War 51

US Policy Toward Korea and Taiwan Before the Korean Civil War 53

The US Armed Intervention of the Korean Civil War and

Aggression of Taiwan 61

The Formation of US-Lead UN Forces and the Internationalization of

the Korean War 74

Chapter Four

The Position and Peaceful Diplomatic Efforts of

the Chinese Government 85

Position of the Chinese Government After the Outbreak of the Korean War 87

Diplomatic Efforts Made by the Chinese Government to Solve

the Korean Issue Peacefully 92

ii

Chapter Five

China Deciding to Establish the Northeast Frontier Force

Based on Forethought 99

The Analysis and Decision Making on the National Security Situation by

the CPC Central Committee 101

Adjusting the National Defense Deployment and Establishing

the Northeast Frontier Force 111

Build-up of the Northeast Frontier Force and Adjustment of

Command Relationship 119

Strengthening the Northeast Frontier Force and Deploying

the Second-line and Third-line Forces 129

Chapter Six

The Korean War Was Stalemated and the US Aircraft

Outrageously Attacked Chinese Towns Along Northeast Border 135

Korean People’s Army Marching Southward and Swiftly Liberating

Vast Areas of South Korea 137

US Troops Holding Fast to Pusan Perimeter and the Korean War

Being Stalemated 146

US Aircraft Intruding into Chinese Airspace and Attacking Towns and

Villages on Northeastern Border 154

Chapter Seven

War Preparation of the Northeast Frontier Force 159

Mobilization and Deployment at the Shenyang Military Conference 161

Political Mobilization and Education 167

Military Training 172

Reorganization and Equipment Adjustment 181

Logistical Support and Material Preparation 190

Chapter Eight

The US Troops Landing at Inchon and the War Situation Reversed 197

The US Troops Landing at Inchon 199

The US Army Launching All-Round Counterattacks and

the KPA Switching to Strategic Retreat 210

Suggestions of the CPC to North Korea After the US Landing at Inchon 217

Chapter Nine

The US Ground Troops Crossing the 38th Parallel and

Advancing Northward in an Attempt to Occupy the Whole Korea 225

The US Government Deciding to Cross the 38th Parallel and Occupy

the Whole Korea 227

iii

The Chinese Government Warning the US Not to Cross the 38th Parallel and

Expand the War 240

The US Manipulating the UN to Pass the Illegal Resolution and the US

Ground Troops Crossing the 38th Parallel to Invade North Korea 248

Chapter Ten

Korea Requesting China to Provide Military Assistance and

the CPC Central Committee Deciding to Resist US Aggression and

Aid Korea and Defend China 257

The Workers’ Party of Korea and North Korean Government Requesting

the Soviet Union and China to Provide Direct Military Assistance 259

The Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee Deciding to Establish

the CPVs to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea and Safeguard China 268

Consultation Between China and the Soviet Union on Sending

Troops to Aid Korea 290

Chapter Eleven

China’s Deployment and Preparations for the Victory of

the Korean War 303

The CPC Central Committee’s Judgment on the Development of Situation

After the CPVs Joining the War 305

Adjustment of the Priority of Army Building and Preparations of

Air Defense and Coastal Defense 308

Making War Plans in Korea and Three-Year Development Plans for

the Arms and Forces and Asking for the Soviet Assistance in

Weaponry and Equipment 316

Northeast Administrative Region Serving as the General Rear Base for

the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea 320

Adjusting Fiscal Policies for the War in Korea 325

Accelerating the Elimination of Bandits, Implementation of

Land Reform and Suppressing Counter-Revolutionaries 328

The Movement to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea 335

Chapter Twelve

The Chinese People’s Volunteers Advancing to the Korean Battlefield 341

The Mobilization and Preparation of the CPVs Before Joining Battle 343

The Initial Operational Plan of the CPVs 353

The Education on Policies and Discipline of Overseas Operations by

the CPVs 359

The CPVs Advancing to Korea to Kick Off the War to Resist US

Aggression and Aid Korea 365

iv

Chapter Thirteen

The Battlefield Situation at the Time of CPVs Entry into

Korea and the Change of Original Operational Plan 373

The CPVs Entering the Korean Battlefield in Battle Stance 375

The Battlefield Situation at the Time of the CPVs Entry into Korea 379

The Strength and Equipment of the Belligerent Sides at the Time of

the CPVs Entry into Korea 387

The UN Forces Moving Northward to the Sino-Korean Borders;

the CPVs Deciding to Wipe Out the Enemy One by One in Movement 395

Mao Zedong’s Determination to Strive for Every Possible Victory on

the Basis of Certainty and Reliability 402

Chapter Fourteen

The First Campaign 407

The CPVs Seizing Opportunities to Win the First Campaign 409

The War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea Beginning and

the First Campaign Kicking Off 420

The CPVs Separately Annihilating the Enemy Advancing Rashly 425

The CPVs Dealing a Heavy Blow to the US 1st Cavalry Division in

the Battle of Unsan 438

The US 8th Army in Full Retreat; the CPVs Main Force Pushing Forward

to Chongchon River 453

On the Eastern Front the CPVs Blocking and Preventing

the US 10th Corps from Moving Northward and Westward 463

Chapter Fifteen

The Domestic and Oversea Views About China’s Military

Action in Korea 473

The Xinhua News Agency’s First Report of the CPVs Entering

the War and a Multi-Party Joint Declaration Issued 475

Countries in the Pro-Democracy Camp and Peace-Loving People Expressing

Support for the CPVs Action 480

The US Government’s Slander Against the CPVs and the Chinese

Government’s Refutation 484

Chapter Sixteen

The UN Forces Deciding to Launch an All-Out Offensive and

the CPVs Deployment Fundamentally Reversing

the Korean War Situation 489

Judgments and Decisions of the US Government About Objectives of

the CPVs Entering the Korean War 491

The Plan and Preparations of an All-Out Offensive of the UN Forces 504

v

The CPVs Guideline for the Second Campaign 512

The CPVs Preparation for the Second Campaign 522

The CPVs Successfully Luring the Enemy to the Predetermined Battlefields 528

Chapter Seventeen

Operations on the Western Front in the Second Campaign 541

The CPVs Deployment of Counteroffensives on the Western Front in

the Second Campaign 543

The CPVs Making a Breakthrough by Wiping Out the Majoirty of

the South Korean 7th and 8th Divisions in the Battles of

Tokchon and Nyongwon 549

The CPVs Encircling the US 9th Corps from Three Directions by

Outflanking to the Rear and Mounting Frontal Assaults 559

The CPVs Inflicting Heavy Casualties on the US 9th Corps in the Battle of

the Chongchon River 573

Chapter Eighteen

Operations on the Eastern Front in the Second Campaign and

the CPVs Bringing the Offensive to a Successful End 585

The CPVs Deployment of Counterattacks on the Eastern Front 587

The CPVs 9th Formation Separating and Encircling US Forces in

the Changjin Reservoir Area 595

In the Battle at Sinhungri, CPVs Forces Wiping Out RCT-31 of

the US 7th Division 602

The CPVs Annihilating the Ace US 1st Marine Division Through

Encirclement, Pursuit, Blocking and Interception 609

The UN Forces Retreating in Defeat to Areas South of the 38th Parallel and

the CPVs Forces Successfully Ending the Second Campaign 621

Chapter Nineteen

Major Victory of the Chinese People on the Diplomatic Front 635

The Chinese Government Requesting the UN Security Council to Discuss

the Proposal Concerning US Aggression Against Taiwan 637

The Chinese Representative Accusing the US of Its Aggression Crime at

the UNSC 649

Chapter Twenty

Decision to Foil US Attempt to Play with “Ceasefire” 659

Nuclear Intimidation of the US President and Talks Between Heads of

the US and Britain 661

The US “Ceasefire” Plot and the Chinese Foreign Minister’s Statement 672

Mao Zedong’s Analysis of the War Situation and His Decisions 682

vi

Establishment of the Sino-Korean United Command 691

Chapter Twenty-One

The Third Campaign 697

Defeatist Sentiments of the UN Forces and Its Deployment After

Retreating to the 38th Parallel 699

Deployment and Preparations of the CPVs and KPA Forces 704

Breaking Through the Established Positions of the UN Forces at

the 38th Parallel 715

Pursuing the Enemy and Occupying Seoul 723

Closing In on the 37th Parallel and Calling Off the Battle in Good Time 728

Appendix I: Tables of Organization Order 1-8 735

Index 747

Proper Nouns 747

Personal Names 749

Place Names 752

Volume II

Chapter Twenty-Two

The CPVs and KPA Troops Making Preparations for

the Spring Offensive 1

The CPVs and KPA Troops Shifting to Rest and Reorganization,

Making Preparations for the Spring Offensive 3

Mao Zedong’s Analysis of and Directions on the War 8

China-Korea Joint Meeting of Senior Military Commanders Was Convened

to Unify Operational Thinking 13

Preparations at the General Logistic Base 23

Chapter Twenty-Three

The US Trying to Get Rid of the Trouble and China and

North Korea’s Policies on Peaceful Settlement of the Korean Issue 31

The US Authorities Were Already in Trouble Due to the Defeat in Battle 33

The US Continuing to Play With the “Ceasefire” Conspiracy. China and

North Korea’s Policies on Peaceful Settlement of the Korean Issue 39

The US Slandering China as “Aggressor” and the Statement by

the Chinese Government 45

Chapter Twenty-Four

Phase I Operations of the Fourth Campaign 51

The UN Forces Launching Counterattack after Reorganization 53

The CPVs and the KPA Suspending Rest and Reorganization to Deploy

the Fourth Campaign 60

Solid Defensive Operations on the South Bank of the Hangang River 64

Counterattacking in Heongsong 71

Jiphyongri Battle 82

Chapter Twenty-Five

The Guideline of Fighting in Turns and Stabilizing and

Constructing While Fighting 93

The Determination of the Guideline of Fighting in Turns 95

The Second Batch Troops Entering North Korea and

the Operational Preparation of the Third Batch Troops 101

ii

Implementing the Guideline of Stabilizing and Constructing While Fighting 108

Chapter Twenty-Six

Phase II Operations of the Fourth Campaign 111

Decision and Deployment of the CPVs and the KPA on Shifting to

Defense in Movement at All Fronts 113

The UN Forces Launching “Operation Killer” and the Defensive

Operations of the CPVs and the KPA 117

The UN Forces Launching “Operation Ripper” and the Defensive

Operations of the CPVs and the KPA 122

The UN Forces Launching “Operation Rugged” and the Defensive

Operations of the CPVs and the KPA 134

Chapter Twenty-Seven

Chinese Movement to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea 139

Instructions on In-depth Development of the Movement to Resist US

Aggression and Aid Korea by CPC Central Committee 141

China’s Opposition to US Rearmament of Japan and Separately Making

Peace with Japan 144

Patriotic Pledges and Patriotic Production Emulation 150

Appreciation Conveyed to the Most Beloved People 154

The Upsurge to Join the Army and Support the Front 157

Chapter Twenty-Eight

Differences and Contradictions Among the US-UK Junta on

Policies of Aggression Against Korea 161

The Europeans and Americans Demanded to End the War Through

Negotiation As Soon As Possible 163

The US Government Considering Adjusting Policies on Aggression Against

Korea and Internal Disputes 169

The Deployment and Action of the UN Forces Advancing Northward

After Crossing the 38th Parallel Again 180

Chapter Twenty-Nine

Proposal of “Prepare for Long War, but Strive for Short-Term”

Policy and Deployment of the Fifth Campaign 187

Proposal of “Prepare for Long War, but Strive for Short-Term” Policy 189

The CPVs Deployment and Preparations for the Fifth Campaign 200

Chapter Thirty

Phase I Operations of the Fifth Campaign 211

Battlefield Situation Before the CPVs Launching the Offensive 213

iii

The CPVs and the KPA Attacking on All Fronts and Breaking Through

the 38th Parallel Once Again 221

The CPVs and the KPA Developing Offensive and Approaching Seoul 236

Chapter Thirty-One

Phase II Operations of the Fifth Campaign 245

The CPVs and KPA Deployment in Phase II of the Fifth Campaign 247

The CPVs Feinting on the Western Front While the Main Force

Transfering to the East 256

The CPVs and the KPA Annihilating the Majority of the South Korean 3rd

and 9th Divisions in the Battle of Hyonri 262

The CPVs and the KPA Ending Offensives and the Phase II Operations 268

Chapter Thirty-Two

Transfering Phase of the Fifth Campaign 275

Deployment for Transfer and Rest of the Main Forces of

the CPVs and the KPA 277

UN Forces Counterattacking on All Fronts and Throwing the CPVs Main

Force into Passivity in the Initial Period of Transfer 282

The CPVs and KPA Main Forces Launching Blockings to Stabilize

the Battle Line North and South of the 38th Parallel 304

Chapter Thirty-Three

The US Adjusting Policies on the Korean War. The CPC Central

Committee Adopting Guideline of “Negotiating While Fighting” 315

Both Sides Reaching a Balance and the War in Deadlock 317

The US Adjusting Korean War Policies 323

The CPC Central Committee Confirming Guideline of

“Negotiating While Fighting” 336

The CPVs Party Committee Holding Enlarged Meeting to Convey

Operations Guideline 346

Preparations of the CPVs for Long-Lasting Operations 354

Chapter Thirty-Four

The Struggles Against Blockade, Embargo and the US and Japan

Making a Separate Peace. The Campaign of Donating

Aircraft and Artillery 365

The Struggles for Counter-Blockade and Counter-Embargo 367

The Struggles Against the US Rearmament of Japan and the Separate Peace

Talks Between the US and Japan 383

The Campaign of Donating Aircraft and Artillery in China 389

iv

Chapter Thirty-Five

The Armistice Negotiations Commenced 399

The Prelude of the Armistice Negotiations 401

China’s Publicity About the Armistice Negotiations to the Chinese People

and the CPVs Troops 407

The Armistice Negotiations Commenced 412

The Negotiations on the Agenda 419

The Battles During the Early Period of the Armistice Negotiations 432

Chapter Thirty-Six

Negotiation over Military Demarcation Line and Suspension of

the Negotiation 439

Different Positions of Two Sides on the Issue of Military Demarcation Line 441

The Korean-Chinese Side Refuting the US Side on the “Superiority of

Navy and Air Force” 446

Analysis and Suggestions of CPVs Delegation on the Issue of

Military Demarcation Line 458

US Provocations in the Negotiation Area Resulting in the Suspension of

the Armistice Talk 465

Chapter Thirty-Seven

The Sixth Campaign Plan and Operation Preparations in

Tandem with the Negotiations 471

Proposal of the Sixth Campaign 473

Design and Preparation for the Sixth Campaign 480

Guideline of Coordinating the Operation Preparations and

the Negotiations and Cancellation of the Sixth Campaign 488

Chapter Thirty-Eight

Crushing the 1951 Summer Offensive of the UN Forces 493

The UN Forces Launching the Summer Offensive 495

The KPA’s Defense Operations 499

The CPVs Combat Operations 508

Chapter Thirty-Nine

Guideline of Positional Warfare and Adjustment of

Battlefield Disposition 515

The Thought of “Learning to Conduct Both Positional Assault and

Positional Defense” 517

Guideline of Coastal Defense and Compositions of Combined

Command for Coastal Defense 523

v

Adjustment of Defense Disposition 531

Chapter Forty

Smashing the 1951 Autumn Offensive of the UN Forces 535

The UN Forces Launching the Autumn Offensive 537

Smashing the Attacks of the UN Forces on the Western Front 543

Smashing the Attacks of the UN Forces on the Eastern Front 553

Chapter Forty-One

Resumption of Armistice Negotiation and Military Demarcation

Line Agreed 567

Resumption of Negotiation on Armistice 569

The CPVs Launching Local Tactical Counterattacks 581

Kaesong Defense Battle and Islands Capture Battle 587

Agreement Reached on the Issue of the Military Demarcation Line 596

Appendix I: Tables of Organization Order 9-13 603

Index 619

Proper Nouns 619

Personal Names 621

Place Names 624

Volume III

Chapter Forty-two

Smashing the “Operation Strangle” of the US Armed Forces 1

The US Armed Forces Launching the “Operation Strangle” 3

Decision and Measures of the Central Military Commission and

the Chinese People’s Volunteers to Deal with the “Operation Strangle” 13

The CPVs Air Force Combat Operations Against the “Operation Strangle”

of the US Air Force 20

The CPVs Artillery Operations Against the “Operation Strangle” 28

The Fight of the CPVs Railroad Rush Repair and Transport Troops Against

the “Operation Strangle” of the US Air Force 38

The Fight of the Highway System Against the “Operation Strangle” of

the US Air Force 47

The US Air Force Declaring the Failure of the “Operation Strangle” 52

Chapter Forty-Three

The Establishment of the Idea to Hold Fast to the Defense Positions

and the Fight to Consolidate Positions 57

The Establishment of the Idea to Hold Fast to Defense Positions 59

Building the Defense System of Fortified Positions with Tunnels

as Backbones 63

The CPVs Holding a Meeting of Cadres above Formation Level and

Further Implementing the Defense Policy of Holding Fast to the Positions 72

The Battlefield Activities of the “UN Forces” after the Agreement on

the Military Demarcation Line 78

Battle Activities in Consolidation of the Positions 82

Chapter Forty-Four

Smashing the US Germ Warfare 95

The Secret Germ Warfare of the US Armed Forces in the Northern Part

of Korea and Part of China 97

The Decision That the CPC Central Committee and the Central Military

Commission Made on Anti-Germ Warfare 104

The Chinese and the Korean Governments and Peoples Jointly Accusing

the United States of Its Germ Warfare Crimes 112

ii

Organizing Investigation of the US Germ Warfare and Release

the Confessions of American Pilots 119

The Anti-Germ Warfare Epidemic Prevention and Treatment and

the Patriotic Epidemic Prevention and Public Health Campaign 127

Chapter Forty-Five

Struggle over Item 3, Item 4 and Item 5 of the Agenda of

the Armistice Negotiations and Deadlock over Item 4 137

Negotiations on Armistice Arrangement 139

Negotiation on the Recommendations to the Governments of

the Countries Concerned on Both Sides 158

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