英文写作

CHAPTERIUSINGAPPROPRIATEWORDSANDRHETORICALDEVICES

IUSINGAPPROPRIATEWORDS

1Typesofwords

1)Commonwords,technicalwords,andnonstandardwords

2)Formalwordsandinformalwords

3)Commendatorywordsandderogatorywords

4)Abstractwordsandconcretewords

5)Nativewordsandforeignwords

6)Synonymsandantonyms

7)Generalandspecificwords

2Meaningsofwords

1)Wordsandconcepts

2)Contextandmeaning

3)Conceptualmeaningandassociativemeaning

3Choiceofwords

Activities

IIUSINGAPPROPRIATERHETORICALDEVICES

1Simile

2Metaphor

3Metonymy

4Synecdoche

5Transferredepithet

6Personification

7Pun

8Hyperbole

9Understatement

10Irony

11Paradox

12Oxymoron

13Euphemism

14Parallelism

15Antithesis

16Climaxandanticlimax

17Rhetoricalquestions

Activities

CHAPTERIIWRITINGCORRECTAND

APPROPRIATESENTENCES

ITYPESOFSENTENCES

1Classifiedaccordingtofunction

2Classifiedaccordingtostructure

3Classifiedaccordingtolength

4Classifiedaccordingtorhetoric

Activities

IICOMPLETESENTENCES,MINORSENTENCESAND

SENTENCEFRAGMENTS

Activities

IIIRUN-ONSENTENCES,COMMASPLICESANDCOMMAFAULTS

Activities

IVCHOPPYSENTENCES

Activities

VWORDORDERANDEMPHASISOFSENTENCES

1Postponementandemphasis

2Frontingandemphasis

3Emphaticsentences

4Emphasiswithinsentences

Activities

VICONTENT-ORIENTEDSENTENCES

1Unity

2Coherence

3Consciseness

4Clarity

5Variety

Activities

CHAPTERIIIDEVELOPINGPARAGRAPHS

ITOPICSENTENCEANDTRANSITIONINPARAGRAPHS

1Topicsentence

1)Topicsentenceatthebeginning

2)Topicsentenceatthebeginningandend

3)Topicsentenceinthemiddle

4)Topicsentenceattheend

5)Topicsentenceimplied

Activities

2Transition

1)Transitionaldevices

2)Transitionalwordsandphrases

3)Transitionsbetweenparagraphs

Activities

IISTRATEGIESFORPARAGRAPHDEVELOPMENT

1Paragraphdevelopmentbylisting

2Paragraphdevelopmentbyprocess

3Paragraphdevelopmentbytimeandspace

1)Bytime

2)Byspace

3)Byspaceandtime

4Paragraphdevelopmentbyexamples

1)Parallelgrouping

2)Climacticalgrouping

3)Anticlimaticalgrouping

5Paragraphdevelopmentbygeneralization

6Paragraphdevelopmentbycauseandeffect

1)Singlecausosingleeffect

2)Singlecausomultipleeffect

3)Multiplecausosingleeffect

4)Causalchain

7Paragraphdevelopmentbycomparisonandcontrast

1)Thepoint-by-pointpattern

2)Thesubject-by-subjectpattern

8Paragraphdevelopmentbydefinition

1)Theformaldefinitionparagraph

2)Theinformaldefinitionparagraph

9Paragraphdevelopmentbyclassification

1)Consistency

2)Completeness

3)Avoidanceofoverlapping

4)Balance

10Paragraphdevelopmentbyvariousmeans

Activities

CHAPTERIVWRITINGAWHOLECOMPOSITION

ISTEPSINWRITINGACOMPOSITION

1Planning

1)Decidingonthetopic

2)Discoveringusefulmaterial

3)Decidingonthethesis

4)Choosingapropertypeofoutline

2Drafting

3Revision

4Finalizing

Activities

IIMAINPARTSOFACOMPOSITION

1Theopeningpart

2Thedevelopingpart

3Theclosingpart

Activities

IIITYPESOFWRITING

1Description

2Narration

3Exposition

4Argumentation

Activities

CHAPTERVWRITINGFORPRACTICALPURPOSES

ILETTERS

1Typesofletters

2Formatofaletter

1)Theheading

2)Thedate

3)Theinsideaddress

4)Thesalutation

5)Thereference/subjectheading

6)Thebodyoftheletter

7)Thecomplimentaryclose

8)Thesignature

9)Thepostscript

10)Theenclosure

3Addressingenvelopes

Activities

IINOTICES

Activities

IIIGREETINGMESSAGES

1Greetings

Activities

2Goodwishes

Activities

3Congratulations

Activities

IVNOTES

1Invitations

1)Formalinvitationsandreplies

2)Informalinvitationsandreplies

Activities

2Apologies

Activities

3Appointments

Activities

4Requests

Activities

5Thanks

Activities

VCURRICULUMVITAE

Activities

VIAPPLICATIONS

Activities

CHAPTERVIWRITINGRESEARCHPAPERS

ISTEPSINWRITINGARESEARCHPAPER

1Findingatopic

1)Choosingageneraltopic

2)Narrowingdownthefocus

3)Determiningonthefinaltopic

Activities

2Collectingandevaluatingdata

1)Usinglibrarysources

2)Reading

3)Takingnotes

4)Sortingoutthedata

Activities

3Preparingtheoutline

1)Workingoutapreliminarythesis

2)Workingoutanoutline

4Writingthepaper

1)Thestructureofapaper

2)Drafting

3)Revisingandfinalizing

Activities

IIGIVINGCREDITTOSOURCES

1Usingquotations

1)Kindsofquotations

2)Whentousedirectquotations

3)Howtousedirectquotations

4)Avoidingplagiarism

2Addingnotestothepaper

1)Notestobooks

2)Notestomagazinesandnewspapers

3)NotestotheBible

4)Subsequentreferences

3Thebibliographyform

IVASAMPLERESEARCHPAPER

CHAPTERVIIUSINGPROPERMANUSCRIPTFORMATAND

PUNCTUATION

IMANUSCRIPTFORMAT

1Pages

2Capitalization

3Worddivision

4Italics

IIPUNCTUATION

1Period

2Questionmark

3Exclamationmark

4Comma

5Semicolon

6Colon

7Parentheses

8Brackets

9Dash

10Slash

11Quotationmarks

12Apostrophe

13Hyphen

14Ellipsispoints

Activities

CHAPTERVIIIDESIGNINGWRITINGTASKS

IRECONSTRUCTINGANDRE-PHRASING

1Organizingscrambledsentencesintoproperorder

2Organizingsentenceswithappropriatestructuresandconnectives

3Paraphrasingsentences

IICOMPLETING

1Completingsentences

2Completingapieceofwriting

IIIGUIDEDWRITING

1Writingwithgiventitle,outlineand/ortopicsentences

2Writingwithgiventitleandkeywords

3Writingwithgiventitleand/orsituation

1)Compositionwriting

2)Letterwriting

3)Notewriting

IVWRITINGWITHGIVENTITLEORTOPIC

VRE-WRITING

1Preciswriting

2Expandingwriting

VIANALYTICALWRITING

1Writingwithdatafromtables,figures,graphs,etc.

1)Writingwithdatafromtables

2)Writingwithdatafromfigures

3)Writingwithgivenbarcharts

4)Writingwithgivencharts

2Writingwithcitationsfromgivenreadingmaterials

3Writingbookreports

BIBLIOGRAPHY

APPENDIX

SYMBOLSFORCORRECTION