因特网与万维网基本原理与技术（影印版）

1 FundamentaIs of EIectmnic Mail

1.1 Introduction

1.2 EAlail: AdVangeS and Disadvantages

l.2.1 betages

1.2.2 Disadvantages

1.3 Userids, Passwords, and E-Mail AddreSses

1.3.1 USerids

1.3.2 Passwr&

1.3.3 E-Mail AddreSses

1.3.4 DomainNames

1.3.5 E-Mall Address Determinahons

1.3.6 Local and SyStemwide Anases

1.4 Message Components

1.5 Message ComPOsihon

1.5.1 smictur

1.5.2 Nehquette

1.5.3 ComPOsihon

1.6 Mailer Features

1.6.1 Compose, File, and Reply

1.6.2 Bracketed Text and Indude

1.6.3 Foedg

1.7 E-Mail IIiner WorkingS

1.7.1 Maller. Mall Server, and Mailbox

1.7.2 Store and Forward Features

1.7.3 Cenrml Mail SPOOl and IMAP

1.7.4 Botince Feature

1.8 E-Mail Management

1.8.1 Action Ophons

1.8.2 Vacahon Programs

1.8.3 E-Mail and Businesses

1.9 ME Trpes

2 Jump Start: Brewsing and Puhlishing

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Browser Bare Bones

2.2. l Browser Window Terminology

2.2.2 Menu Bar

2.2.3 TOolbar

2.2.4 Hot Buttons

2.2.5 HyPerlinks

2.3 Coast-to-Coast Surfing

2.3. l Web Terminology

2.3.2 Uniform Resource Locator (URL)

2.4 HyPerText Markup LangUage: Introduchon

2.4.1 HTML Tag Syntax

2.4.2 HTML Document Creahon

2.5 Web Page Installahon

2.5.1 Basic Principles

2.5.2 A Specific Example

2.6 Web Page Setup

2.6.1 Head Tag

2.6.2 HTML and Colors

2.6.3 BodyTag

2.6.4 HTML Font Colors

2.6.5 Font Size

2.6.6 Font Face

2.6.7 HTML Comments

2.7 HTML Formatring and HyPerlink Creation

2.7.1 Paragraph Tag

2.7.2 Heading Tags

2.7.3 Anchor Tag

2.7.4 Image Tag

3 The lnternet

3. l Introduchon

3.2 The Internet Defined

3.2. l The Informahon Superhighway

3.2.2 Interesting Internet Facts

3.3 Internet History

3.3. l l960s Telecommunications

3.3.2 1970s Telecommunicahons

3.3.3 1980s Telecommunications

3.3.4 l990s Telecommunications

3.3.5 Internet Growth

3.4 The Way the Intemet WOrks

3.4.1 Network Benefits

3.4.2 Interconnected Networks and CoInrnbocahon

3.4.3 Phyical ComPOnents

3.4.4 Network Connechons

3.4.5 Client-Server Model

3.4.6 IP Addresses

3.4.7 lnternet Protocol Version 6 aPv6)

3.4.8 Web Page RetrievaI

3.5 Intemet Congestion

3.5.1 World Wide Wait Problem

3.5.2 Technical Solutions

3.5.3 Issues and Predictions

3.6 Intemet Cu1ture

3.6.1 Crihcal Evaluahon of Informahon

3.6.2 Freedom of ExPression

3.6.3 Commwhcahon Mechanisms

3.6.4 Adveedsing

3.6.5 Societal Impact

3.7 Business Culture and the Internet

3.7.1 On-Line Businesses

3.7.2 Three Sample Companies

3.7.3 On-Line Business Hurdles

3.7.4 Cooldes

3.7.5 Business and Safety/Security on the Web

3.7.6 Legal Environment

3.7.7 U.S. Government.s Coforrment to Electronic Commerce

3.8 Collaborahve Computing and the Internet

3.8. l Collaborahve Computing Defined

3.8.2 APplicahons

3.8.3 Impact

3.8.4 Future Prospects

4 The W0rld Wide Weh

4.1 Inrroduction

4.2 The Web Defined

4.3 Miscellaneous Web Brower Details

4.3. l Personal Preferences

4.3.2 Bookmarks

4.3.3 Plug-ins and Helper APplicahons

4.3.4 Web Browsers Comparison: Netscape and Misoft

4.4 Web Writing Styes

4.4.1 The Biography

4.4.2 The Business ExPosihon

4.4.3 The Guide

4.4.4 The Tutorial

4.4.5 Writing Genres Summary

4.5 Web Presentation Oudine, Design, and Management 4.5.1 Goal Seulng

4.5.2 Oudining

4.5.3 Navigahng

4.5.4 Designing and Coding

4.5.5 Revising

4.6 Registering Web Pages

4.7 LynX: Text-Based Web Browser

4.7.1 Staedng Lynx

4.7.2 Basic Navigahon

4.7.3 Features

4.7.4 BookInarks

4.7.5 Printing

4.7.6 Images

4.7.7 Lynx Commands Summary

5 Searehin0 the W0rId Wide Weh

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Directories, Search Engines, and Metasearch Engines

5.2.1 Directories

5.2.2 PoPular Directories

5.2.3 Search Engines

5.2.4 Popular Search Engines

5.2.5 Metasearch Engines

5.2.6 Popular Metasearch EnginesEllen and Ray.s Choices

5.2.7 White Pages.

5.2.8 Popular White Pages

5.3 Search Fundamentals

5.3.1 Search Tendnology

5.3.2 Pattern Matching Queries

5.3.3 Boolean Queries

5.3.4 Search Domain

5.3.5 Search Subjects

5.4 Search Strategies

5.4. l Too Few Hits: Search Generalizahon

5.4.2 Too Many Hits: Search Specializahon

5.4.3 Sample Searches

5.5 How Does a Search Engine Work?

5.5.1 Search Engine Components

5.5.2 User Interface

5.5.3 Searcher

5.5.4 Evaluator

5.5.5 Gatherer

5.5.6 Indexer

5.5.7 Summary

6 TeInet and RP

6.1 Inrroduction

6.2 Telnet and Remote Login

6.2.1 Telnet

6.2.2 Remote Login

6.3 File Transfer

6.3.1 Graphical File Transfer Clients

6.3.2 Text-Based File Transfer ClientS

6.3.3 File Compression

6.3.4 AnonyInous File Transfer

6.3.5 Archie

6.4 Computer Mruses

6.4.1 Definihons

6.4.2 Mrus Avoidance and Precauhons

7 Basic HTML

7.1 Inrroduchon

7.2 Semanhc Versus Syntachc Based Stye TyPes

7.2. l Semanhc Based Style Trpes

7.2.2 Syntactic Based Stye Troes

7.2.3 Style Troe Usage

7.3 Headers and Footers

7.3.1 Headers

7.3.2 Horizontal Rule Tag

7.3.3 Footers

7.4 Lists

7.4.1 Ordered Lists

7.4.2 Unordered Lists

7.4.3 Debohon Lists

7.4.4 Nested Lists

7.5 Tables

7.5.1 Table Usage

7.5.2 HTML Table TagS

7.5.3 FrequentiyAsked QUestions

7.6 Debugging

8 W6b 6raphics

8.1 Introduction

8.2 PoPular Image Formats

8.2.1 IInage Compression

8.2.2 Image Acqulsihon and Display

8.2.3 Graphics Interchange FOrmat anFl

8.2.4 Joint Photographic ExPerts Group 0PG)

8.2.5 Pormble Network Graphics (PNG)

8.3 GIF Features

8.3.1 Anmated GIFs

8.3.2 Interlaced GIF

8.3.3 Wsparent Irnages

8.4 Image Tag Revisited

8.4.1 Image and Text aligrUnent

8.4.2 Addihonal ALI GN Nbute Values

8.4.3 Sununary: ^LI GN Adribute Values

8.4.4 Horizontul Image Asignment

8.4.5 WrapPed Text

8.4.6 Text Wrap Prevenhon

8.4.7 SpacingControl

8.4.8 Centered IInages

8.4.9 IInage Borders

8.4.10 Low Source (L0WSRC) Images

8.5 IInageMaps

8.5.1 Server-Side Image Maps

8.5.2 Client-Side IInage Maps

8.5.3 Surnmary: IInage Maps

8.6 Scanners

8.6.1 Scanner TyPes

8.6.2 Scannr Selechon

Miscellaneous Graphics TOpics

8.7.1 Thumbnail Sketches

8.7.2 Image Height and Width

8.7.3 Image Load Tme

9 Advanced HTML

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Frames

9.2.1 Frame Usage

9.2.2 Frame TagS

9.2.3 Frequentiy Asked Queshons

9.2.4 Additional Frame Tag Attributes

9.2.5 Targeted Hrperlinks

9.2.6 Nested Frames

9.2.7 Frameset Design Algorithm

9.2.8 Frames Reality Check

9.3 HTML Forms

9.3.1 Form Tags

9.3.2 Form Methods

9.3.3 Mailto URLs

9.3.4 Form Input TagS

9.3.5 Frequendy Asked Queshons

9.4 CGI Scripts

9.4.1 Scripts and Forms

9.4.2 Security

9.5 Dynamic Documents

9.5.1 Client Pull

9.5.2 Server Push

9.5.3 New-Address Notificahon

9.6 HTML TOols

9.6.1 Editors

9.6.2 Syntax Checkers

9.6.3 Converters

9.7 Next-Generation HTML

10 Newsgroups, Mailing ListS, Chat Rooms, and MU0s

10.1 Introduchon

10.2 Newsgroups and Mailing Lists History

10.3 Newsgroup Fundamentals

l0.3. l Newsgroup Terminology

l0.3.2 Newsreaders

l0.3.3 NewsgrOuPs Model

l0.3.4 Newsgroup Hierarchies

l0.3.5 ControversyEllen and Ray Choices

l0.4 Mg List Fundamentals

l0.4.1 Mailing List Terminology

10.4.2 Mailing List Subscriphons and Posts

l0.4.3 Helpfol ffots

l0.4.4 Mailing Lists and Web Pages

l0.4.5 Mailing Lists Versus NewgrOups Ellen and Ray.s Choices

l0.5 WgrOUs and Mailing Lists Availability

l0.6 Chat Rooms

l0.6.1 Chat Room Entrance

l0.6.2 Chat Room Culture

l0.6.3 Chat Rooms and Education

l0.7 MUDs

l0.7.1 M Connections

l0.7.2 imding

l0.7.3 MUD Ehquette

l0.7.4 Additional MUD Uses

l0.7.5 W Creahon

11 EIethenic Fuhlishing

l1.1 Introduction

l1.2 Elemulc PUblishing Advantages and Disadvantages

l1.2.1 Afortages

l1.2.2 Disadvantages

l1.3 CoPyright Issues

l1.3.1 Detrihon

l1.3.2 Credit Issues

l1.4 Project Gutenberg and On-Line Books

l1.4. l Project Gutenberg

l1.4.2 Other On-Line Books

l1.5 ElamnicJoumals, Magazines, and Newepapers

l1.5.1 E-rines

l1.5.2 JournalsEllen and Ray.s Choices

l1.5.3 Magazines and Newpapers

l1.6 Miscellaneous PUblishing Issues

l1.6.1 Plagiarism

l1.6.2 Electronic PUblishing Do.s and Don.ts

12 Web Pr0gramming Material

12.1 Inrroduction

12.2 JavaScript Programndng LangUage

l2.2.1 JavaScript and HTML

l2.2.2 Event-Handlers

l2.2.3 SampleJavaScript Code

12.3 Aopplets

l2.3.1 HTML APplet TagS

l2.3.2 Java-Enabled Browsers

l2.3.3 Sarnple APplets

12.4The Java Prograedng LangUage

l2.4.1 SampleJava Source Code

l2.4.2 Java and Object-Oriented Programndng

12.5 Guest Books

l2.5. l Standard Input Fields of a Guest Book

l2.5.2 Guest Book Dynamics

12.5.3 Mallto Guest Books

12.6 Web Page Counters.

l2.6.1 W Code fOr a Counter

l2.6.2 Counter Usefolness

l2.6.3 Counter Display Decision

12.7 ServerSide Includes

l2.7. l Common Inclusions

l2.7.2 Uhlizahon

13 Multimedia

13.1Introduction

13.2 Important Mulhmedia Issues

l3.2.1 Multimedia Displays

l3.2.2 Current MuIhmedia Concerns

13.3 Andio

l3.3. l Andio Installahon

l3.3.2 Audio and Web Pages

l3.3.3 Andio RePOsitories

13.4 Movies and Mdeo

l3.4. 1 Formats

l3.4.2 Mdeo and Web Pages

13.5 Virtual Reality and 3D Modeling

l3.5.1 Virtual Reality Modeling LangUage (VRML)

I3.5.2 QulckTme Mrtual Reality (QTVR

l3.5.3 Mrmal Reality Summary

l3.6 Multimedia and HTML Documents

l3.6.1 Object Tag

l3.6.2 Embed Tag

14 Privacy and Securify T0pics

l4.1 Introduction

l4.2 Known Information

l4.2.1 Volunteered Informahon

l4.2.2 Informahon Collection

l4.3 Sofrware Complealty

l4.3. l Contribuhng Factors

l4.3.2 Browsers, Networks, Operating SyStems, and Servers

l4.4 EncryPhon Schemes

l4.4.1 Basic ConceptS

14.4.2 Prime Numbers

l4.4.3 Private Key Cmptography

l4.4.4 Public Key CryPtography

l4.4.5 HashingklgOrithms

l4.5 Secure Web Documents

l4.6 Digital Signatures

l4.6.1 Digital Signature Example

l4.6.2 Pretty Good PrivaCy.

14.7 Firewalls

A lnternet Seryice Providers

B T6xt Editing

C Pine MaiI Pr0gmm

0 Basic UNIX

E HTMLT80s

F Acr0nyms

6 My URts

GI0ssary

BihIi0grelhy

Index