科学补碘：持续消除碘缺乏病

一、党和国家领导人高度重视及关心地方病防治工作...............001

二、碘是人体必需的微量元素......................................................................003

三、甲状腺功能......................................................................................................004

四、甲状腺激素功能...........................................................................................005

1.促进生长发育..................................................................................................005

2.参与脑发育........................................................................................................006

3.调节新陈代谢..................................................................................................007

4.对其他器官、系统功能的影响............................................................007

五、碘在人体中的代谢......................................................................................008

六、碘缺乏的原因.................................................................................................010

七、碘缺乏的危害..................................................................................................012

八、碘过量的原因..................................................................................................016

九、碘过量的危害..................................................................................................017

十、碘的参考摄入量与评价标准.................................................................019

1. 碘的参考摄入量.............................................................................................019

2. 膳食碘摄入量的评价标准.......................................................................022

十一、碘营养状况评价指标...........................................................................024

1.尿碘中位数...................................................................................................024

2.甲状腺肿大率..............................................................................................026

3.新生儿 TSH 筛查异常率....................................................................027

4.甲状腺容积...................................................................................................027

5.血清碘..............................................................................................................029

十二、碘缺乏和适碘地区的划定................................................................030

1.碘缺乏地区的划定...................................................................................030

2.适碘地区的划定........................................................................................031

十三、湖北省及各市州水碘分布地图......................................................033

十四、碘缺乏病消除标准.................................................................................043

十五、碘的补充方法...........................................................................................047

1.加碘食盐........................................................................................................047

2.碘的食物来源..............................................................................................048

3.其他补碘制剂..............................................................................................049

十六、一般人群补碘...........................................................................................050

十七、特需人群补碘............................................................................................051

1.妊娠期妇女...................................................................................................051

2.哺乳期妇女...................................................................................................052

3.婴幼儿（出生后至36月龄内）....................................................053

4.儿童和青少年.............................................................................................053

十八、甲状腺疾病患者补碘...........................................................................054

1.甲状腺功能亢进症...................................................................................054

2.甲状腺功能减退症...................................................................................054

3.自身免疫甲状腺炎...................................................................................055

4.甲状腺结节...................................................................................................056

5.妊娠期甲状腺疾病...................................................................................056

十九、补碘的最佳方法是什么.......................................................................058

二十、购买、食用碘盐应注意哪些问题.................................................059

二十一、碘酸钾作为食盐碘强化剂安全吗..........................................060

二十二、长期食用碘盐会发生甲状腺结节吗......................................062

二十三、食盐加碘与甲状腺癌高发是否有关联................................064

二十四、“防治碘缺乏病日”历年宣传主题海报...........................065

二十五、食盐加碘消除碘缺乏危害管理条例......................................071

二十六、《健康中国行动》中与地方病相关的重大行动...........079

1.地方病防控行动................................................................................080

2.健康知识普及行动...........................................................................081

二十七、《国民营养计划（2017—2030年）》对碘营养的

要求..........................................................................................................082

附录.各类食物的碘含量..................................................................................085

英文缩略词表.............................................................................................................095