管理信息系统（网络化企业的组织与技术第6版影印版）

PART ONE ORGANIZATIONAL FOUNDATIONS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS 1

Chapter 1 The Information Systems Revolution: Transforming Business and Management 2

InPart Delivers Digital Parts on the Internet 3

1.1 Why Information Systems? 4

　　The Competitive Business Environment, 4

　　What is an information System? 7

　　Window on Technology: UPS Competes Globally with Information Technology, 9

　　A Business Perspective on Information Systems, 10

l.2 Comemporary Approaches to Information Systems 12

　　Technical Approach, 13

　　Behavioral Approach, 13

　　Approach of this Text: Sociotechnical Systems, 13

1.3 The New Role of information Systems in Organizations 14

　　The Widening Scope of Information Systems, 14

　　The Network Revolution and the Internet, 16

　　Window on Management: Asian Netrepreneurs Thrive on the Internet, 18

　　New Options for Organizational Design: The Networked Enterprise, 18

　　Electronic Commerce and Electronic Business, 23

　　Window on Organizations: Internet Trading Heats Up, 24

1.4 Learning to Use Information Systems: New Opportunities with Technology 27

　　The Challenge of Information Systems: Key Management Issues, 27

　　Integrating Text with Technology: New Opportunities for Learning, 29

　　Management Wrap-Up, 30

　　Summary, 30

　　Key Terms, 31

　　Review Questions, 31

　　Group Project, 31

　　Tools for interactive Learning, 31

　　 Case Study: Battling Information Overload: A New Business is Born, 32

Chapter 2 The Strategic Role of Information Systems 34

Orchids Paper Products Moves Back on Course 35

2.1 Key System Applications in the Organization 37

　　Different Kinds of Systems, 38

　　Six Major Types of Systems, 39

　　Window on Technology: Canadian Oil Companies Make Data Flow, 43

　　Relationship of Systems to One Another: Integration, 47

2.2 Information Systems and Business Strategy 48

　　What is a Strategic Information System? 48

　　Business-Level Strategy and the Value Chain Model, 49

　　Window on Organizations: Mining for Profitable Customers, 54

　　Firm-Level Strategy and Information Technology, 56

　　Indusal-Level Strategy and Information Systems Competitive Forces and Network Economics, 58

　　Window on Management: British Consumer Companies Pool Their Data, 60

2.3 Using Systems for Competitive Advantage: Management Issues 61

　　Managing Strategic Transitions, 61

　　What Manager Can Do, 62

　　Management Wrap-Up, 63

　　Summary, 63

　　Key Terms, 64

　　Review Questions, 64

　　Group Project, 65

　　Tools for Interactive Learning, 65

　　Case Sandy: Can Sears Reinvent Itself? 65

Chapter 3 Information Systems, Organizations, and Business Processes 68

Schneider Responds to the New Rules of the Trucking Game 69

3.1 The Relationship Between Organizations and information Systems 71

　　The Two-Way Relationship, 71

　　What is an Organization, 72

3.2 Salient Features of organizations 73

　　Why Organizations Are So Much Alike f Common Features, 73

　　Why Organizations Are So Different: Unique Features, 75

　　Business Processes, 78

　　Levels of Analysis, 79

3.3 How Organizations Affect Information Systems 80

　　Decisions About the Role of Information Systems, 82

　　Information Technology Services, 82

　　Why Organizations Build information Systems, 84

　　Window on Organizations Euro Currency Conversion Creates a Systems Nightmare, 85

3.4 How Information Systems Affect Organizations 86

　　Economic Theories, 86

　　Behavioral Theories, 87

　　 Window on Technology: Oil Companies Go Virtual, 88

　　The Internet and Organizations, 90

　　Window on Management: Learning to Share Knowledge, 91

　　Implications for the Design and Understanding of Information Systems,91

　　Management Wrap-Up, 92

　　Summary, 93

　　Key Terms, 93

　　Review Questions, 93

　　Group Project, 94

　　Tools for interactive Learning, 94

　　Case Sandy: Utilities Deregulation Sparks Big Business Changes, 94

Chapter 4 Information, Management, and Decision Making 96

Can Marks and Spencer Spark a Comeback? 97

4.1 What Managers Do 98

　　Putting Management and information Systems in Context, 98

　　Three Schools of Management, 99

　　The Technical-Rational Perspective, 100

　　The Behavioral Perspective, 101

　　Window on Technology: Schwab’s Managers Turn to the Internet, 104

　　The Cognitive Perspective and Postmodern Era, 106

4.2 Introduction to Decision Making 109

　　Levels of Decision Making, 109

　　Types of Decisions: Structured vs Unstructured, 109

　　Types of Decisions and Types of Systems, 109

　　Window on Management: Managers Look to the Future, 110

　　Stages of Decision Making, 110

4.3 Individual Models of Decision Making 112

　　The Rational Model, 112

　　Bounded Rationality and Satisficing, 113

　　“Muddling Through”, l13

　　Psychological Types and Frames of Reference, 114

4.4 Organizational Models of Decision Making 115

　　Bureaucratic Models, 115

　　Window on Organizations: Blockade by the Book, 116

　　Political Models of Organizational Choice, 116

　　"Garbage Can" Model, 116

4.5 How Information Technology Has Changed the Management Process 117

　　Traditional and Contemporary Management, 117

　　Implications for System Design, 118

　　Management Wrap-Up, 120

　　Summary, 120

　　Key Terms, 121

　　Review Questions, 121

　　Group Project, 122

　　Tools For Interactive Learning, 122

　　Case Sandy: A Tale of Two Cities Information Systems, 122

Chapter 5 Ethical and Social Impact of information Systems 124

Health Files on the Internet: What Price for Convenience? 125

5.1 Understanding Ethical and Social Issues Related to Systems 127

　　A Model for Thinking about Ethical, Social, and Political Issues, 127

　　Five Moral Dimensions of the information Age, 127

　　Key Technology Trends That Raise Ethical Issues, 128

5.2 Ethics in an information Society 130

　　Basic Concepts: Responsibility, Accountability, and Liability, 130

　　Ethical Analysis, 130

　　Candidate Ethical Principles, 131

　　Window on Technology: Are the Cookies Eating Your Privacy? 132

　　Professional Codes of Conduct, 132

　　Some Real-World Ethical Dilemmas, 132

5.3 The Moral Dimensions of Information Systems 134

　　Information Rights: Privacy and Freedom in an information Society, 134

　　Property alights: Intellectual Property, 136

　　Window on Management: Did Reuters Steal from Bloomberg? 137

　　Accountability, Liability, and Control, 140

　　Window on Organizations: Employee Guidelines for Using Software, 141

　　System Quality: Data Quality and System Errors, 143

　　Quality of Life: Equity, Access, Boundaries, 144

　　Management Actions A Corporate Code of Ethics, 150

　　Management Wrap-Up, 150

　　Summary, 151

　　Key Terms, 151

　　Review Questions, 151

　　Group Tools for Interactive Learning, 152

　　Case Study: Profiling You! 152

Part One Case Study: Daimler Chrysler and GM: Organization Technology and Business Processes in the U.S. Auto industry 154

　　Case Study Questions 159

PART TWO TECHNICAL FOUNDATIONS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS 16O

Chapter 6 Computers and information Processing 160

Navigation Canada Takes Flight with New Computers 161

6.1 What is a Computer System? 162

　　How Computers Represent Data, 163

　　Time and Size in the Computer World, 164

　　Computer Generations, 165

6.2 The CPU and Primary Storage 166

　　Primary Storage, 166

　　Types of Semiconductor Memory, 168

　　The Arithmetic-Logic Unit and Control Unit, 168

6.3 Con1Puters and Computer Processing 168

　　Categories of Computers, 168

　　Window on T6chnology: Mainframes Learn to Serve the Web, 170

　　Microprocessors and Processing Power, 171

　　Computer Networks and Client/Server Computing, 173

　　Network Computers and Total Cost of Ownership, 174

6.4 Secondary Storage 175

　　Magnetic Disk, 175

　　Window on Management: Network Computers: A New Management Option, 176

　　Window on Organizations: Selecting Laptop Computers: The Bottom Line for Organizations, 177

　　Optical Disks, 178

　　Magnetic Tape, 179

6.5 Input and Output Devices 180

　　Input Devices, 180

　　Batch and On-Line input and Processing, 182

　　Output Devices, 182

6.6 Information Technology Trends 184

　　Interactive Multimedia, 184

　　Superchips and Fifth-Generation Computers, 185

　　Smart Cards and Microminiaturization, 186

　　Social interfaces, 187

　　Management Wrap-Up, 187

　　Summary, 185

　　Key Terms, 189

　　Review Questions, 189

　　Group Project, 190

　　Tools for Interactive Learning, 190

　　Case Sandy: CheckFree Looks at the Total Cost of Ownership, 190

Chapter 7 Information Systems Software 192

Software Helps Norway's National Hospital Deliver Better Care 193

7.1 What is Software? 194

　　Software Programs, 195

　　Major Types of Software, 195

7.2 System Software 196

　　Functions of the Operating System, 196

　　Multiprogramming, Virtual Storage, Time Sharing, and Multiprocessing, 196

　　Language Translation and Utility Software, 198

　　Graphical User Interfaces, 199

　　PC Operating Systems, 200

　　Window on Organizations: Should Businesses Switch to Linux? 203

7.3 Application Software 203

　　Generation of Programming Languages, 203

　　Popular Programming Languages, 204

　　Fourth-Generation Languages and PC Software Tools, 206

7.4 New Software Tools and Approaches 213

　　Object-Oriented Programming, 213

　　Java, 215

　　Window on Technology: Banque Generale Luxembourg Competes with Object Technology, 216

　　Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) and XML, 2I7

7.5 Managing Software Assets 217

　　Software Trends, 217

　　Window on Management: Adding Java to the Programming Mix, 218

　　Software Maintenance and the Year 2000 Problem, 219

　　Selecting Software for the Organization, 220

　　Management Wrap-Up 221

　　Summary 222

　　Key Terms 223

　　Review Questions 223

　　Group Project 224

　　Tools for Interactive Learning 224

　　Case Sandy: The Year 2000 Problem, 224

Chapter 8 Managing Data Resources 226

Saab Centralizes Customer Data 227

8.1 Organizing Data in a Traditional File Environment 229

　　File Organization Terms and Concepts, 229

　　Accessing Records from Computer Files, 230

　　Problems with the Traditional File Environment,