侵权法

Table of Contents

Chapter Ⅰ?INTRODUCTION 1

Unintentional Harm 5

Hammontree v. Jenner 5

Supplemental Reading 9

Ⅰ. Ashtray Falling from Above 9

Ⅱ. Definition of Tort Law (Selected) 10

Ⅲ. For Every Wrong There is a Remedy ... Or is There? 11

Chapter Ⅱ?NEGLIGENCE (Ⅰ) 17

Standard of Care 17

Probability, Burden and Liability 19

United States v. Carroll Towing Co. 19

Negligence 22

Davison v. Snohomish County 22

Effect of Statute 24

Martin v. Herzog 24

Standard of Care and Unreasonable Risk 26

Adams v. Bullock 26

Aggravated Negligence 28

Chapter Ⅲ?NEGLIGENCE (Ⅱ) 31

Proof of Negligence 31

Byrne v. Boadle 32

Larson v. St. Francis Hotel 35

Multiple Defendants 37

Ybarra v. Spangard 37

Chapter Ⅳ?CAUSATION 43

Cause in Fact 43

Perkins v. Texas and New Orleans Ry. Co. 43

Summers v. Tice 47

Sindell v. Abbott Laboratories 48

Chapter Ⅴ?UNFORESEEABLE CONSEQUENCES 53

Unexpected Result 53

In re an Arbitration Between Polemisand AnotherAnd Furness,

Withy Co., Ltd. 53

Unexpected Victim 55

Palsgraf v. Long Island Railroad Co. 55

Proximate Cause 59

Petition of Kinsman Transit Co. 59

Intervening Causes 66

Derdiarian v. Felix Contracting Corp. 66

Secondary Accidents 69

McCoy v. American Suzuki Motor Corp. 69

Chapter Ⅵ?DEFENSES (Ⅰ) 75

Plaintiff’s Conduct: Contributory & Comparative Negligence 75

Contributory Negligence 76

Butterfield v. Forrester 76

Comparative Negligence 77

Daly v. General Motors Corporation 77

Assumption of Risk 85

Winterstein v. Wilcom 85

Assumption of Implied Risk 89

Rush v. Commercial Realty Co. 89

Chapter Ⅶ?DEFENSES (Ⅱ) 91

Statutory Bars 91

Statute of Limitations and Repose 91

Teeters v. Currey 92

Tort Liability of Municipalities 94

Riss v. City of New York 94

Immunity 98

DeLong v. Erie County 98

Chapter Ⅷ?REMEDIES 101

Compensatory & Punitive Damages 101

Damages For Physical Harm 102

Allocation Among Tortfeasors 110

Personal Injury Remedies 115

Anderson v. Sears, Roebuck & Co. 115

Richardson v. Chapman 118

“Grossly Excessive” Punitive Damages 124

BMW of North America, Inc. v. Gore 124

Intentional Trespass 131

Jacque v. Steenberg Homes, Inc. 131

Chapter Ⅸ?MEDICAL MALPRACTICE 139

Doctor/Patient Relationship 139

Moore v. Regents of University of California 139

Helling v. Carey 144

Henning v. Thomas 145

Chapter Ⅹ?PRODUCT LIABILITY & STRICT LIABILITY 151

Product Liability 151

MacPherson v. Buick Motor Co. 151

Strict Liability 156

Greenman v. Yuba Power Products, Inc. 156

Abnormally Dangerous Activity 160

Rylands v. Fletcher 160

Indiana Harbor Belt R.R. Co. v. American Cyanamid Co. 164

Manufacturing Defect 171

Rix v. General Motors Corp. 171

Design Defect 173

O’Brien v. Muskin Corp. 173

Chapter Ⅺ?INTENTIONAL INFLICTION OF MENTAL DISTRESS 179

State Rubbish Collectors Ass’n v. Siliznoff 179

Emotional Distress 181

Womack v. Eldridge 181

First Amendment Over Parody 184

Hustler Magazine, Inc. v. Falwell 184

Adventures of Larry Flynt 189

Chapter Ⅻ?DEFAMATION 193

Defamation 193

Defamation and Freedom of Speech 194

New York Times Co. v. Sullivan 194

Private Individuals 207

Gertz v. Robert Welch, Inc. 207

Commercial Speech 212

Dun & Bradstreet, Inc. v. Greenmoss Builders 212

Chapter ⅫⅠ?PRIVACY & PUBLICITY 217

Privacy 217

Flake v. Greensboro News Co. 218

Celebrity and Paparazzi 221

Galella v. Onassis 221

Gallela and Paparazzi 224

Right of Publicity 225

Carson v. Here’s Johnny Portable Toilets, Inc. 225

Bi-Rite Enters., Inc. v. Button Master 229

Chapter ⅩⅣ?ECONOMIC INJURIES (Ⅰ) 235

Misrepresentation 235

Concealment and Nondisclosure 235

Swinton v. Whitinsville Savings Bank 235

International Products Co. v. Erie R.R. Co. 236

Misrepresentation to Third Persons 239

Credit Alliance Corporation v. Arthur Andersen & Co. 239

Chapter ⅩⅤ?ECONOMIC INJURIES (Ⅱ) 247

Tortious Interference With Advantageous Relations 247

Lumley v. Gye 247

Testing Systems, Inc. v. Magnaflux Corp. 248

Della Penna v. Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A., Inc. 250

Family Relations 261

Nash v. Baker 261