组织人员配置：招募、选拔和雇用（英文版·第7版）

Co ntents

Part One

The Nature of Staffing 3

Chapt er One

Staffing Models and Strategy 5

Learning Objectives and Introduction 6

Learning Objectives 6

Introduction 6

The Nature of Staffing 7

The Big Picture 7

Definition of Staffing 8

Implications of Definition 8

Staffing System Examples 12

Staffing Models 14

Staffing Quantity： Levels 14

Staffing Quality： Person/Job Match 15

Staffing Quality： Person/Organization

Match 17

Staffing System Components 19

Staffing Organizations 21

Staffing Strategy 25

Staffing Levels 25

Staffing Quality 30

Staffing Ethics 31

Plan for the Book 34

Summary 35

Discussion Questions 36

Ethical Issues 37

Applications 37

Staffing for Your Own Job 37

Staffing Strategy for a New Plant 38

Tanglewood Stores Case 40

The Situation 40

Your Tasks 40

Endnotes 40

Part Two

Support Activities 43

Chapt er Two

Legal Compliance 45

Learning Objectives and Introduction 47

Learning Objectives 47

Introduction 47

The Employment Relationship 48

Employer–Employee 48

Independent Contractors 50

Temporary Employees 50

Laws and Regulations 51

Need for Laws and Regulations 52

Sources of Laws and Regulations 53

EEO/AA Laws： General Provisions and

Enforcement 54

General Provisions 55

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xii Contents

Enforcement： EEOC 57

Enforcement： OFCCP 64

EEO/AA Laws： Specific Staffing

Provisions 64

Civil Rights Acts (1964， 1991) 64

Age Discrimination in Employment Act

(1967) 67

Americans With Disabilities Act (1990，

2008) 68

Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act

(2008) 72

Rehabilitation Act (1973) 72

Executive Order 11246 (1965) 73

Other Staffing Laws 73

Federal Laws 73

State and Local Laws 76

Civil Service Laws and Regulations 77

Legal Issues in Remainder of Book 78

Summary 80

Discussion Questions 80

Ethical Issues 81

Applications 81

Age Discrimination in a Promotion? 81

Disparate Impact： What Do the Statistics

Mean? 83

Endnotes 83

Chapt er Thre e

Planning 85

Learning Objectives and Introduction 87

Learning Objectives 87

Introduction 87

External Influences 88

Economic Conditions 88

Labor Markets 89

Technology 94

Labor Unions 95

Human Resource Planning 95

Process and Example 95

Initial Decisions 98

Forecasting HR Requirements 100

Forecasting HR Availabilities 103

Reconciliation and Gaps 112

Staffing Planning 114

Staffing Planning Process 114

Core Workforce 117

Flexible Workforce 120

Outsourcing 123

Diversity Planning 125

Demography of the American

Workforce 125

Business Case for Diversity 126

Planning for Diversity 127

Legal Issues 128

Affirmative Action Plans 128

Legality of AAPs and Diversity

Programs 133

EEO and Temporary Workers 136

Summary 136

Discussion Questions 137

Ethical Issues 138

Applications 138

Markov Analysis and Forecasting 138

Deciding Whether to Use Flexible

Staffing 139

Tanglewood Stores Case 141

The Situation 141

Your Tasks 141

Endnotes 141

Chapt er Four

Job Analysis and Rewards 145

Learning Objectives and Introduction 146

Learning Objectives 146

Introduction 146

Changing Nature of Jobs 147

Job Requirements Job Analysis 149

Overview 149

Job Requirements Matrix 150

Job Descriptions and Job

Specifications 162

Collecting Job Requirements

Information 164

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Contents xiii

Competency-Based Job Analysis 174

Nature of Competencies 174

Collecting Competency Information 178

Job Rewards 179

Types of Rewards 180

Employee Value Proposition 180

Collecting Job Rewards Information 181

Job Analysis for Teams 187

Legal Issues 188

Job Relatedness and Court Cases 188

Essential Job Functions 189

Summary 193

Discussion Questions 194

Ethical Issues 194

Applications 194

Conducting a Job Requirements or Job

Rewards Job Analysis 194

Maintaining Job Descriptions 195

Endnotes 196

Part Thre e

Staffing Activities： Recruitment 201

Chapt er F ive

External Recruitment 203

Learning Objectives and Introduction 205

Learning Objectives 205

Introduction 205

Recruitment Planning 206

Organizational Issues 206

Administrative Issues 207

Recruiters 214

Strategy Development 215

Open Versus Targeted Recruitment 215

Recruitment Sources 217

Recruiting Metrics 233

Searching 237

Communication Message 237

Communication Medium 242

Applicant Reactions 248

Reactions to Recruiters 249

Reactions to the Recruitment Process 249

Reactions to Diversity Issues 250

Transition to Selection 251

Legal Issues 252

Definition of a Job Applicant 252

Affirmative Action Programs 254

Electronic Recruitment 255

Job Advertisements 257

Fraud and Misrepresentation 257

Summary 258

Discussion Questions 259

Ethical Issues 259

Applications 260

Improving a College Recruitment

Program 260

Internet Recruiting 262

Tanglewood Stores Case 263

The Situation 263

Your Tasks 263

Endnotes 264

Chapt er S ix

Internal Recruitment 271

Learning Objectives and Introduction 272

Learning Objectives 272

Introduction 272

Recruitment Planning 273

Organizational Issues 273

Administrative Issues 278

Timing 279

Strategy Development 281

Closed， Open， and Hybrid

Recruitment 281

Recruitment Sources 285

Recruiting Metrics 292

Communication Message and Medium 294

Communication Message 294

Communication Medium 295

Applicant Reactions 296

Transition to Selection 296

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xiv Contents

Legal Issues 297

Affirmative Action Programs

Regulations 297

Bona Fide Seniority Systems 298

The Glass Ceiling 299

Summary 303

Discussion Questions 304

Ethical Issues 305

Applications 305

Recruitment in a Changing Internal Labor

Market 305

Succession Planning for a CEO 306

Endnotes 307

Part Four

Staffing Activities： Selection 311

Chapt er S even

Measurement 313

Learning Objectives and Introduction 315

Learning Objectives 315

Introduction 315

Importance and Use of Measures 316

Key Concepts 316

Measurement 317

Scores 320

Correlation Between Scores 323

Quality of Measures 327

Reliability of Measures 328

Validity of Measures 335

Validation of Measures in Staffing 337

Validity Generalization 346

Staffing Metrics and Benchmarks 348

Collection of Assessment Data 349

Testing Procedures 350

Acquisition of Tests and Test Manuals 351

Professional Standards 352

Legal Issues 353

Determining Adverse Impact 353

Standardization 355

Best Practices 356

Summary 357

Discussion Questions 358

Ethical Issues 358

Applications 359

Evaluation of Two New Assessment

Methods for Selecting Telephone

Customer Service Representatives 359

Conducting Empirical Validation and

Adverse Impact Analysis 361

Tanglewood Stores Case I 364

The Situation 364

Your Tasks 364

Tanglewood Stores Case II 365

Adverse Impact 365

Endnotes 365

Chapt er Ei ght

External Selection I 369

Learning Objectives and Introduction 370

Learning Objectives 370

Introduction 370

Preliminary Issues 370

The Logic of Prediction 371

The Nature of Predictors 373

Development of the Selection Plan 374

Selection Sequence 376

Initial Assessment Methods 377

Résumés and Cover Letters 377

Application Blanks 381

Biographical Information 388

Reference and Background Checks 392

Initial Interview 398

Choice of Initial Assessment Methods 400

Legal Issues 405

Disclaimers 405

Reference Checks 406

Background Checks： Credit and

Criminal 406

Preemployment Inquiries 408

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Contents xv

Bona Fide Occupational

Qualifications 410

Summary 416

Discussion Questions 417

Ethical Issues 417

Applications 417

Reference Reports and Initial Assessment in

a Start-Up Company 417

Developing a Lawful Application

Blank 419

Endnotes 421

Chapt er Nin e

External Selection II 425

Learning Objectives and Introduction 426

Learning Objectives 426

Introduction 426

Substantive Assessment Methods 427

Personality Tests 427

Ability Tests 434

Emotional Intelligence Tests 443

Performance Tests and Work Samples 445

Situational Judgment Tests 449

Integrity Tests 452

Interest， Values， and Preference

Inventories 455

Structured Interview 457

Choice of Substantive Assessment

Methods 468

Discretionary Assessment Methods 471

Contingent Assessment Methods 472

Drug Testing 472

Medical Exams 478

Legal Issues 479

Uniform Guidelines on Employee Selection

Procedures 479

Selection Under the Americans With

Disabilities Act 481

Drug Testing 485

Summary 486

Discussion Questions 487

Ethical Issues 487

Applications 487

Assessment Methods for the Job of Human

Resources Director 487

Choosing Among Finalists for the Job of

Human Resources Director 490

Tanglewood Stores Case 491

The Situation 491

Your Tasks 491

Endnotes 492

Chapt er T en

Internal Selection 503

Learning Objectives and Introduction 505

Learning Objectives 505

Introduction 505

Preliminary Issues 506

The Logic of Prediction 506

Types of Predictors 507

Selection Plan 507

Initial Assessment Methods 508

Talent Management/Succession

Systems 508

Peer Assessments 509

Self-Assessments 511

Managerial Sponsorship 512

Informal Discussions and

Recommendations 513

Choice of Initial Assessment Methods 513

Substantive Assessment Methods 515

Seniority and Experience 515

Job Knowledge Tests 517

Performance Appraisal 518

Promotability Ratings 519

Assessment Centers 520

Interview Simulations 526

Promotion Panels and Review Boards 527

Choice of Substantive Assessment

Methods 527

Discretionary Assessment Methods 529

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xvi Contents

Legal Issues 529

Uniform Guidelines on Employee Selection

Procedures 529

The Glass Ceiling 530

Summary 531

Discussion Questions 532

Ethical Issues 532

Applications 532

Changing a Promotion System 532

Promotion From Within at Citrus

Glen 533

Endnotes 535

Part F ive

Staffing Activities： Employment 539

Chapt er El even

Decision Making 541

Learning Objectives and Introduction 543

Learning Objectives 543

Introduction 543

Choice of Assessment Method 544

Validity Coefficient 544

Face Validity 545

Correlation With Other Predictors 545

Adverse Impact 546

Utility 546

Determining Assessment Scores 551

Single Predictor 551

Multiple Predictors 551

Hiring Standards and Cut Scores 557

Description of the Process 557

Consequences of Cut Scores 558

Methods to Determine Cut Scores 559

Professional Guidelines 564

Methods of Final Choice 564

Random Selection 564

Ranking 565

Grouping 566

Ongoing Hiring 566

Decision Makers 566

Human Resource Professionals 566

Managers 567

Employees 568

Legal Issues 568

Uniform Guidelines on Employee Selection

Procedures 568

Diversity and Hiring Decisions 569

Summary 571

Discussion Questions 572

Ethical Issues 572

Applications 572

Utility Concerns in Choosing an

Assessment Method 572

Choosing Entrants Into a Management

Training Program 573

Tanglewood Stores Case 574

The Situation 576

Your Tasks 576

Endnotes 576

Chapt er Twe lve

Final Match 579

Learning Objectives and Introduction 581

Learning Objectives 581

Introduction 581

Employment Contracts 582

Requirements for an Enforceable

Contract 582

Parties to the Contract 583

Form of the Contract 584

Disclaimers 586

Contingencies 587

Other Employment Contract Sources 588

Unfulfilled Promises 588

Job Offers 589

Strategic Approach to Job Offers 589

Job Offer Content 592

Job Offer Process 602

Formulation of the Job Offer 604

Presentation of the Job Offer 609

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Contents xvii

Timing of the Offer 610

Job Offer Acceptance and Rejection 611

Reneging 612

New Employee Orientation and

Socialization 613

Orientation 614

Socialization 617

Examples of Programs 619

Legal Issues 620

Employment Eligibility Verification 620

Negligent Hiring 621

Employment-at-Will 622

Summary 622

Discussion Questions 623

Ethical Issues 624

Applications 624

Making a Job Offer 624

Evaluating a Hiring and Variable Pay

Plan 626

Endnotes 627

Part S ix

Staffing System and Retention

Management 633

Chapt er Thirt e en

Staffing System Management 635

Learning Objectives and Introduction 636

Learning Objectives 636

Introduction 636

Administration of Staffing Systems 637

Organizational Arrangements 637

Jobs in Staffing 641

Policies and Procedures 644

Human Resource Information

Systems 648

Outsourcing 651

Evaluation of Staffing Systems 655

Staffing Process 655

Staffing Process Results 658

Calculating Staffing Metrics 663

Customer Satisfaction 664

Legal Issues 665

Record Keeping and Privacy 665

EEO Report 670

Legal Audits 670

Training for Managers and

Employees 670

Dispute Resolution 672

Summary 674

Discussion Questions 675

Ethical Issues 675

Applications 676

Learning About Jobs in Staffing 676

Evaluating Staffing Process Results 676

Endnotes 678

Chapt er Fourt e en

Retention Management 681

Learning Objectives and Introduction 683

Learning Objectives 683

Introduction 683

Turnover and Its Causes 684

Nature of the Problem 684

Types of Turnover 685

Causes of Turnover 687

Analysis of Turnover 689

Measurement 690

Reasons for Leaving 691

Costs and Benefits 694

Retention Initiatives： Voluntary Turnover 702

Current Practices and Deciding to

Act 702

Desirability of Leaving 709

Ease of Leaving 715

Alternatives 716

Retention Initiatives： Discharge 717

Performance Management 717

Progressive Discipline 721

Retention Initiatives： Downsizing 723

Weighing Advantages and

Disadvantages 723

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xviii Contents

Staffing Levels and Quality 724

Alternatives to Downsizing 725

Employees Who Remain 725

Legal Issues 727

Separation Laws and Regulations 727

Performance Appraisal 728

Summary 728

Discussion Questions 730

Ethical Issues 730

Applications 731

Managerial Turnover： A Problem? 731

Retention： Deciding to Act 732

Tanglewood Stores Case 734

The Situation 734

Your Tasks 735

Endnotes 735