实用英语词汇学

Chapter 1 English as a global language

　1.1 The English language today

　　1.1.1 English is a global language

　　1.1.2 Political and economical reasons

　1.2 The demand for English

　　1.2.1 The use of English

　　1.2.2 The teaching of English

　1.3 The future of English

　Exercises

Chapter 2 Lexicology and basic concepts of words and vocabulary

　2.1 The definition of English lexicology

　　2.1.1 The domains of English lexicology

　　2.1.2 Methods of studying of lexicology

　2.2 The definition of word

　2.3 The definition of vocabulary

　2.4 Classification of words

　　2.4.1 Full word and form word

　　2.4.2 Popular word and learned word

　　2.4.3 Abstract word and concrete word

　　2.4.4 Transparent word and opaque word

　　2.4.5 Polysemic word and monosemic word

　　2.4.6 Native word and loan word

　Exercises

Chapter 3 The development of the English vocabulary

　3.1 The world languages

　3.2 Language classifications

　　3.2.1 Morphological classification

　　3.2.2 Structural classification

　3.3 Indo-European language family

　3.4 The historical overview of English vocabulary

　　3.4.1 Old English （450-1150）

　　3.4.2 Middle English （1150-1500）

　　3.4.3 Modern English （1500 up to the present）

　3.5 Three main sources of new words of the present-day English vocabulary

　　3.5.1 The rapid development of modern science and technology

　　3.5.2 Social, economic, and political changes

　　3.5.3 The influence of other cultures and languages

　3.6 Modes of the development Of the English vocabulary

　　3.6.1 Creation

　　3.6.2 Semantic change

　　3.6.3 Borrowing

　Exercises

Chapter 4 The structure of English words

　4.1 The morphological structures of words

　　4.1.1 Morphemes

　　4.1.2 Morphs and allomorphs

　4.2 Types of morphemes

　　4.2.1 Free morphemes

　　4.2.2 Bound morphemes

　4.3 Root, stem and base

　　4.3.1 Root

　　4.3.2 Stem

　　4.3.3 Base

　Exercises

Chapter 5 Word-formation in English

　5.1 Affixation

　　5.1.1 Prefixation

　　5.1.2 Suffixation

　5.2 Compounding

　　5.2.1 Noun compounds

　　5.2.2 Adjective compounds

　　5.2.3 Verb compounds

　5.3 Conversion

　　5.3.1 Conversion to nouns

　　5.3.2 Conversion to verbs

　　5.3.3 Conversion to adjectives

　5.4 Blending

　　5.4.1 head+tail

　　5.4.2 head+head

　　5.4.3 head+word

　　5.4.4 word+tail

　5.5 Clipping

　　5.5.1 Front clipping

　　5.5.2 Back clipping

　　5.5.3 Front and back clipping

　　5.5.4 Phrase dipping

　5.6 Acronymy

　　5.6.1 Initialisms

　　5.6.2 Acronyms

　5.7 Back-formation

　　5.7.1 Abstract nouns

　　5.7.2 Human nouns

　　5.7.3 Compound nouns and others

　　5.7.4 Adjectives

　Exercises

Chapter 6 Word meaning

　6.1 Meaning

　　6.1.1 Analytical （referential） definitions of meaning

　　6.1.2 Operational （contextual） definitions of meaning

　6.2 Meanings of meaning

　　6.2.1 Reference

　　6.2.2 Concept

　　6.2.3 Sense

　6.3 Types of motivation

　　6.3.1 Onomatopoeic motivation

　　6.3.2 Morphological motivation

　　6.3.3 Semantic motivation

　　6.3.4 Etymological motivation

　6.4 Types of meaning

　　6.4.1 Grammatical meaning

　　6.4.2 Lexical meaning

　　6.4.3 Conceptual meaning

　　6.4.4 Associative meaning

　Exercises

Chapter 7 Sense relations

　7.1 Polysemy

　　7.1.1 Two approaches to polysemy

　　7.1.2 Two Processes of development

　7.2 Homonymy

　　7.2.1 Types of homonyms

　　7.2.2 Origins of homonyms

　7.3 Synonymy

　　7.3.1 Sources of synonyms

　　7.3.2 Discrimination of synonyms

　　7.3.3 Association and collocation

　7.4 Antonymy

　　7.4.1 Types of antonyms

　　7.4.2 Characteristics of antonyms and the use of antonyms

　7.5 Metonyms

　7.6 Retronyms

　7.7 Hyponymy

　　7.7.1 Superordinate and subordinate terms

　　7.7.2 Effect of them in use

　7.8 Semantic features

　　7.8.1 Semantic property

　　7.8.2 Semantic feature

　Exercises

Chapter 8 Changes in word meaning

　8.1 Can meaning change?

　8.2 Types of changes

　　8.2.1 Extension

　　8.2.2 Narrowing

　　8.2.3 Elevation

　　8.2.4 Degradation

　　8.2.5 Euphemism

　8.3 Causes of changes

　　8.3.2 Extraqinguistic factors

　Exercises

Chapter 9 Meaning and context

　9.1 Types of context

　　9.1.1 Linguistic context

　　9.1.2 Extra-linguistic context

　9.2 Clues for inferring word meaning in context

　　9.2.1 Definition

　　9.2.2 Explanation

　　9.2.3 Example

　　9.2.4 Synonymy

　　9.2.5 Antonymy

　　9.2.6 Hyponymy

　　9.2.7 Relevant details

　　9.2.8 Word structure （Word-formation）

　Exercises

Chapter 10 English dictionaries

　10.1 The development of dictionaries

　　10.1.1 The origins of the English dictionary

　　10.1.2 The first English dictionaries

　　10.1.3 Modern English dictionaries

　10.2 Types of dictionaries

　　10.2.1 Monolingual and bilingual dictionaries

　　10.2.2 General-purpose and specific-purpose dictionaries

　10.3 Using a dictionary

　　10.3.1 The dictionary entry

　　10.3.2 Spelling

　　10.3.3 Pronunciation

　　10.3.4 Parts of speech and inflected forms of words

　　10.3.5 Labels

　　10.3.6 The definition

　　10.3.7 Etymology

　　10.3.8 Synonyms

　Exercises

Keys to Exercises

附录一 英语词汇学术语表

附录二 词汇表

附录三 希腊、拉丁词根和词缀

　（一）希腊、拉丁词根

　（二）希腊、拉丁词缀

References