西方翻译理论：从希罗多德到尼采

Editor's Preface

Herodotus

The Twittering of Birds

From Istoria, Book Two (mid-5th century B.C.E.)

The Origin of the Class of Egyptian Interpreters

From lstoria, Book Two (mid-5th century B.C.E.)

Anonymous ('Aristeas')

The Work of the SevenS-Two

From Aristeas to Philocrates (around 130 B.C.E.)

Marcus Tullius Cicero

Translating Greek Orations into Latin

From De oratore (55 B.C.E.)

The Best Kind of Orator (46 B.C.E.)

Translating Greek Philosophy into Latin

From De finibus bonorum et malorum (45-44 B.C.E.)

Philo Judaeus

The Creation of the Septuagint

From De vita Mosis (20 B.C.E.?)

Horace (Quintus Horatius Flaccus)

Imitating in Your Own Words

From Ars Poetica (20 B.C.E.?)

Paul of Tarsus

Rather Five Words with the Mind Than Ten Thousand in a Tongue

1 Corinthians 14 (55 C.E.?)

Lucius Annaeus Seneca

What Is

From Epistulae morales ad Lucilium, letter 58 (63-65 C.E.)

Pliny the Younger (Gaius Plinius Caecilius Secundus)

mitation of the Best Models

Letter to Fuscus Salinator (85 C.E.?)

Quintilian (Marcus Fabius Quintilianus)

On What We Should Employ Ourselves When We Write

From lnstitutio oratoria (96 C.E.?)

Aulus Gellius

On the Importance of Avoiding Strict Literalness

From Noctes Atticae (100 C.E.?)

Epiphanius of Constantia (Salamis)

Producing an Unadulterated Translation

From De mensuris et ponderibus (392)

Jerome (Eusebius Hieronymus)

The Best Kind of Translator

Letter to Pammachius (395)

Who Was The First Lying Author?

From Praefatio in Pentateuchem (401 )

Augustine (Aurelius Augustinus)

The Use of Translations

From De doctrina Christiana (428)

C. Chirius Fortunatianus

Translation as 'Exercitatio'

From the Artis rhetoricae scholicae (5th century)

Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius

Committing the Fault of the True Interpreter

From In Isagoge Porphyrii Commenta (510?)

Gregory the Great

Giving the Sense

From Letter to Aristobulus (590/91)

Mangling the Sense

From Letter to Narses (597/98)

John Scotus Eriugena

Translator, Not Expositor

From Prologue to Translation of De caelesti hierarchia by

Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite (mid-9th century)

King Alfred

Translating Plainly and Clearly

Preface to Translation of Boethius' Consolation of Philosophy (887?)

Translating Books Which Are Most Necessary For All Men to Know

Letter to Bishop Waerferth (890/97)

Aelfric

Translating into Our Ordinary Speech

From Preface to Book I of Catholic Homilies (989)

Pure and Plain Words

Preface to Book II of Catholic Homilies (992)

Translating into Idiomatic English

Preface to Genesis (997?)

Notker the German

Letter to Bishop Hugo yon Sitten (1015)

Burgundio of Pisa

The Risk of Altering So Great an Original

Preface to Latin Translation of St. John Chrysostom,

Homilies on the Gospel of John (early 1170s)

Anonymous

The Three Kinds of Translating

From Commentary on Boethius' De arithmetica (12th century)

Thomas Aquinas

Proem

From Contra errores Graecorum (1263?)

Roger Bacon

On the Usefulness of Grammar

From Opus Maius (1268?)

Jean de Meun

Translating for Lay People

From Prologue to Roman de la Rose (c. 1280)

Plainly Rendering the Sense

From Dedication to .Translation of Boethius' Li Livres de Confort de Philosophie

(between 1285 and 1305)

Dante Alighieri

Translation Destroys the Sweetness of the Original

From II convivio (1304-7)

Anonymous

Another Meaning

From Ovide moralise(early 14th century)

Richard Rolle

Following the Letter

Prologue to English Translation of the Psalter (1330s)

John of Trevisa

Dialogue Between a Lord and a Clerk upon Translation (1387)

Coluccio Salutati

Letter to Antonio Loschi (1392)

Anonymous (John Purvey?)

On Translating the Bible (1395/97)

Leonardo Bruni

On the Correct Way to Translate (1424/26)

Duarte (Edward, King of Portugal)

The Art of Translating from Latin

From O Leal Conselheiro (1430s)

William Caxton

Prologue to Aeneid (1490)

Desiderius Erasmus

Letter to Nicholas Ruistre (1503)

Letter to William Warham (1506)

Letter to William Warham (1507)

Letter to Maarten Lips (1518)

Thomas More

Whether the Clergy of This Realm Have Forbidden All the People to Have

Any Scripture Translated into Our Tongue

From A Dialogue Concerning Heresies and Matters of Religion (1529)

Martin Luther

Circular Letter on Translation (1530)

William Tyndale

How Happeneth That Ye Defenders Translate Not One Yourselves?

From An Answer to Sir Thomas More's Dialogue (1531 )

Juan Luis Vives

Practice in Writing

From De Tradendis Disciplinis ( 1531 )

Translation and Interpretation

From De ratione dicendi (1533)

Etienne Dolet

The Way to Translate Well from One Language into Another (1540)

Elizabeth Tudor

Letter to Catherine Parr

Preface to Her Translation of Queen Marguerite of Navarre, 'The Glasse of the

Synnefull Soule' (1544)

The Study of a Woman

From Preface to Her Translation of Queen Marguerite of Navarre, A godly

Medytacyon of the christen Sowle (1548)

Mikael Agricola

Preface to the New Testament (1548)

Joachim du Bellay

The Defense and Illustration of the French Language (1549)

Anna Cooke

The Study of Italian Justified

From Preface to Her Translation of Bernadine Ochine, Fouretene sermons (1550?)

Jacques Peletier du Mans

Of Translation

From L'art poetique (1555)

Roger Ascham

The Ready Way to the Latin Tongue

From The Schoolmaster (1570)

Etienne Pasquier

Letter to Jacques Cujas (1576)

Letter to Odet de Tournebus (1576)

Margaret Tyler

M.T. to the Reader

Preface to Her Translation of Diego Ortunez de Calahorra, A Mirrour

of Princely Deedes and Knighthood (1578)

Michel Eyquem de Montaigne

We Call Barbarous Anything That is Contrary to Our Own Habits

From 'Des cannibales' (1580)

Gregory Martin

Five Sundry Abuses or Corruptions of Holy Scripture

From the Preface to A Discovery of the Manifold Corruptions of the

Holy Scriptures... (1582)

The Holy Scriptures Ought Not be Read Indifferently of All

From 'The Preface to the Reader', The New Testament of Jesus Christ (1582)

William Fulke

That None of These Five Abuses are Committed by Us

From the Preface to A Defence of the Sincere and True Translations

of the Holy Scriptures into the English Tongue, Against the Cavils

of Gregory Martin (1583)

The Holy Scriptures Should Always Be in Our Mother Tongue

From 'Confutation of the Rhemists' Preface', Confutation of the Rhemist

Testament (1589)

John Florio

The Epistle Dedicatory

Preface to Translation of Montaigne's Essays (1603)

To the Courteous Reader

Preface to Translation of Montaigne's Essays (1603)

George Chapman

The Preface to the Reader

From His Translation of the Iliad (1611)

Miles Smith

The Translators to the Reader

Preface to the Authorized Version of the Bible (1611)

Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra

Viewing Flemish Tapestries from the Wrong Side

From Don Quixote, Part II (1615)

Jean Chapelain

To the Reader

Preface to Le Gueux, ou la vie de Guzmdn d'Alfarache (1619-20)

Joseph Webbe

Perceiving the Custom of the Ancients

From An Appeal to Truth, Concerning Art and Use (1622)

Suzanne du Vegerre

The Author's Epistle to the READER

Preface to Her Translation of John Peter Camus, Admirable Events (1639)

John Denham

"To Sir Richard Fanshaw upon His Translation of Pastor Fido" (1648)

Preface to The Destruction of Troy (1656)

Nicolas Perrot d'Ablancourt

To Monsieur Conrart

Dedication of French Translation of Lucian (1654)

Adjusting Things to Accommodate the Subject

From Preface to French Translation of Thucydides (1662)

Abraham Cowley

Preface to Pindarique Odes (1656)

Pierre Daniel Huet

Concerning the Best Kind of Translation

From De optimo genere interpretandi (1661)

Katherine Philips

Translating Pompey

From Letters from Orinda to Poliarchus (1705)

John Dryden

The Three Types of Translation

From 'Preface' to Ovid's Epistles (1680)

Steering Betwixt Two Extremes

From 'Dedication of the Aeneis' (1697)

Wentworth Dillon, Earl of Roscommon

An Essay on Translated Verse (1684)

Aphra Behn

Translating French into English

From 'An Essay on Translated Prose' (1688)

Recasting, Not Translating

From Fontenelle's 'Preface to the History of Oracles' (1688)

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz

Enriching the German Language

From Unvorgreifliche Gedanken, betreffend die Ausubung und Verbesserung

der deutschen Sprache (1697)

Anne Dacier

My Condemnation

From Preface to Translation of L'lliade d'Homere (1699)

Joseph Addison

National Accents

Spectator no. 29 (1711)

Alexander Pope

The Chief Characteristic of Translation

From Preface to the Iliad (1715)

Charles Batteux

Principles of Translation

From Principes de litt~rature (1747-48)

Elizabeth Carter

Translating Epictetus

From Her Correspondence with Catherine Talbot and Thomas Secker(1749-57)

Samuel Johnson

The Art of Translation

The Idler 68/69 (1759)

Translating Homer

From 'Life of Pope' (1779-81)

Johann Gottfried Herder

The Ideal Translator as Morning Star

From Uber die neuere Deutschen Litteratur: Fragmente, (1766-67)

Language as Maiden

From Uber die neuere Deutschen Litteratur: Fragmente, rev. ed. (1768)

Alexander Frazer Tytler

The Proper Task of a Translator

From Essay on the Principles of Translation (1791)

Novalis (Friedrich Leopold, Baron von Hardenberg)

Translating Out of Poetic Morality

From a Letter to A. W. Schlegel (1797)

Grammatical, Transformative, and Mythic Translations

From Blutenstaub (1798)

August Wilhelm von Schlegel

Noble Rust

From Dante - Uber die GOttliche Kom6die ( 1791)

At Once Faithful and Poetic

From 'Etwas tiber Wilhelm Shakespeare bei Gelegenheit Wilhelm

Meisters' (1796)

Poetic Translation an Imperfect Approximation

From 'Homers Werke von Johann Heinrich Voss' (1796)

Projecting Oneself into Foreign Mentalities

From Geschichte der klassischen Literatur (1802)

The Speaking Voice of the Civilized World

From Geschichte der romantischen Literatur (1803)

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

Prose Translations

From Dichtung und Wahrheit ( 1811 - 14)

The Two Maxims

From Rede zum Andenken des edlen Diehters, Bruders und Freundes

Wieland (1813)

Translations

From West-Ostlicher Divan (1819)

The Translator as Matchmaker

From Maximen und Reflexionen (1826)

On Carlyle's German Romance (1828)

Friedrich Schleiermacher

On the Different Methods of Translating (1813)

Wilhelm yon Humboldt

The More Faithful, The More Divergent

From the Introduction to His Translation of Aeschylus' Agamemnon (1816)

Anne-Louise-Germaine Necker, baronne de Stael-Holstein

On the Spirit of Translations (1816)

Percy Bysshe Shelley

The Violet and the Crucible

From A Defenee of Poetry (1821 )

Arthur Schopenhauer

On Language and Words

From Parerga und Paralipomena ( 1851)

Edward FitzGerald

Letter to E. B. Cowell (1859)

Letter to J. R. Lowell (1878)

Matthew Arnold

The Translator's Tribunal

From On Translating Homer (1861)

Francis W. Newman

The Unlearned Public is the Rightful Judge of Taste

From Homeric Translation in Theory and Practice (1861)

Richard E Burton

Clothing the Skeleton

From Preface to Translation of Vikram and the Vampire (1870)

A Plain and Literal Translation

From Introduction to The Book of The Thousand Nights and a Night (1885)

Robert Browning

Literal at Every Cost

From Preface to Translation of Aeschylus' Agamemnon (1877)

Friedrich Nietzsche

Translation as Conquest

From Die frohliche Wissenschaft (1882)

Translating the Tempo of the Original

From Jenseits Gutes und Boses (1886)

Biographies

Further Reading

References

Name Index

Subject Index

Title Inde