学习Python（第3版 影印版）

Preface

PartⅠ．Getting Started

1.A Python Q&A Session

　　Why Do People Use Python?

　　　Software Quality

　 　Developer Productivity

　　　Is Python a“Scripting Language”?

　　　OK，but What’S the Downside?

　　　Who Uses Python Today?

　　　What Can I Do with Python?

　　 Systems Programming

　　 GUIs

　　 Internet Scripting

　　 Component Integration

　　 Database Programming

　　 Rapid Prototyping

　　 Numeric and Scientific Programming

　　 Gaming，Images，AI，XML，Robots，and More

　 What Are Python’S Technical Strengths?

　　 It’S Object Oriented

　　 It’S Free

　　 It’S Portable

　　 It’S Powerful

　　 It’S Mixable

　　It’S Easy to Use

　　 It’S Easy to Learn

　　 It’s Named After Monty Python

　　How Does Python Stack Up to Language X?

　　Chapter Summary

　　Brain Builder

　　 Chapter Quiz

　　 Quiz Answers

　2.How Python Runs Programs

　　Introducing the Python Interpreter

　　Program Execution

　　 The Programmer’S View

　　 Python’S View

　　 Byte code compilation

　　 The Python Virtual Machine(PVM)

　　 Performance implications

　　 Development implications

　　Execution Model Variations

　　 Python Implementation Alternatives

　 　 CPython

　　 Jython

　　 IronPython

　　 Execution Optimization Tools

　　 The Psyco just-in-time compiler

　　 The Shedskin C++translator

　　 Frozen Binaries

　　 Future Possibilities?

　　　Chapter Summary

　　　Brain Builder

　　　 Chapter Quiz

　　　 Quiz Answers

　3.How You Run Programs

　　Interactive Coding

　　 Using the Interactive Prompt

　　System Command Lines and Files

　　 Using Command Lines and Files

　　 Unix Executable Scripts(#!)

　　Clicking File Icons

　　 Clicking Icons on Windows

　　 The raw_input Trick

　　 0ther Icon-Click Limitations

　　 Module Imports and Reloads

　　 The Grander Module Story：Attributes

　　 Modules and namespaces

　　 import and reload Usage Notes

　　 The IDLE User Interface

　　 IDLE Basics

　　 Using 1DLE

　　 Advanced 1DLE Tools

　　 0ther IDEs

　　 Embedding Calls

　　 Frozen Binary Executables

　　 Text Editor Launch Options

　　 0ther Launch Options

　　 Future Possibilities?

　　Which 0ption Should I Use?

　　Chapter Summary

　　 Brain Builder

　　 Chapter Quiz

　　 Ouiz Answers

　　 Brain Builder：Part I Exercises

PartⅡ．Types and Operations

　4．Introducing Python 0bject Types

　　Why Use Built—in Types?

　　 Python’S Core Data Types

　　Numbers

　　Strings

　　 Sequence Operations

　　 Immutability

　　 Type—Specific Methods

　　 Getting Help

　　 Other Ways to Code Strings

　　 Pattern Matching

　　Lists

　　 Sequence Operations

　　 Type—Specific Operations

　　 Bounds Checking

　　 Nesting

　　 List Comprehensions

　　Dictionaries

　　 Mapping Operations

　　 Nesting Revisited

　　 Sorting Keys：for Loops

　　 Iteration and Optimization

　　 Missing Keys：if Tests

　　Tuples

　　Why Tuples?

　　Files

　　 Other File-Like Tools

　　Other Core Types

　　 How to Break Your Code’S Flexibility

　　User—Defined Classes

　　 And Everything Else

　　Chapter Summary

　　Brain Builder

　　 Chapter Quiz

　　 Quiz Answers

　5．Numbers

　Python Numeric Types

　 Numeric Literals

　　 Built—in Numeric Tools and Extensions

　　Python Expression Operators

　　 Mixed Operators Follow Operator Precedence

　　 Parentheses Group Subexpressions

　　 Mixed Types Are Converted Up

　　 Preview：Operator Overloading

　　Numbers in Action

　　 Variables and Basic ExpressionS

　　 Numeric Display Formats

　　 Division：Classic，Floor，and True

　　 Bitwise Operations

　　 Long Integers

　　 Complex Numbers

　　 Hexadecimal and Octal Notation

　　 Other Built．in Numeric Tools

　　Other Numeric Types

　　 Decimal Numbers

　　 Sets

　　 Booleans　　

　　 Third．Party Extensions

　　Chapter Summary

　　Brain Builder

　　 Chapter Quiz

　　　Quiz Answers

　6．The DynamicTyping Interlude

　 The Case of the Missing Declaration Statements

　 Variables，Objects，and References

　 Types Live with Objects，Not Variables

　 Objects Are Garbage—Collected

　 Shared Refe：rences

　 Shared References and In—Place Changes

　 Shared References and Equality

　 Dynamic Typing Is Everywhere

　　Chapter Summary

　　Brain Builder

　　 Chapter Quiz

　　 Quiz Answers

　7.Strings

　　String Literals

　　 Single，and Double．Quoted Strings Are the Same

　　 Escape Sequences Represent Special Bytes

　　 Raw Strings Suppress Escapes

　　 Triple Quotes Code Multiline Block Strings

　　 Unicode Strings Encode Larger Character Sets

　　Strings in Action

　　　Basic Operations

　　　Indexing and Slicing

　 Extended slicing：the third limit

　 String Conversion Tools

　 Character code conversions

　　 Changing Strings

　　String Formatting

　　 Advanced String Formatting

　　 Dictionary—Based String Formatting

　　String Methods

　　　String Method Examples：Changing Strings

　　 String Method Examples：Parsing Text

　　 Other Common String Methods in Action

　　 The Original string Module

　　General Type Categories

　　　Types Share Operation Sets by Categories

　　 Mutable Types Can Be Changed In—Place

　　Chapter Summary

　　Brain Builder

　　 Chapter Quiz

　　 quiz Answers

　8.Lists and Dictionaries

　　Lists

　　Lists in Action

　　 Basic List Operations

　　 Indexing，Slicing，and Matrixes

　　 Changing Lists In—Place

　 　Index and slice assignments

　　 List method calls

　　 Other common list operations

　　Dictionaries

　　Dictionaries in Action

　　 Basic Dictionary Operations

　　 Changing Dictionaries In—Place

　　 More Dictionary Methods

　　 A Languages Table

　　 Dictionary Usage Notes

　　 Using dictionaries to simulate flexible lists

　　 Using dictionaries for sparse data structures

　　 Avoiding missing-key errors

　　 Using dictionaries as“records”

　　 Other ways to make dictionaries

　　Chapter Summary

　　Brain Builder

　　 Chapter Quiz

　　 Quiz Answers

　9.Tuples,Files,and Everthing Else

　　Tuples

　　 Tuples in Action

　　 Tuple syntax peculiarities：commas and parentheses

　 Conversions and immutability

　　 Why Lists and Tuples?

　　Files

　　 Opening Files

　　 Using Files

　　Files in Action

　 Storing and parsing Python objects in files

　 Storing native Python objects with pickle

　 Storing and parsing packed binary data in files

　　　Other File Tools

　　Type Categories Revisited

　　Object Flexibility

　　References Versus Copies

　　Comparisons，Equality，and Truth

　　 The Meaning of True and False in Python

　　Python’S Type Hierarchies

　　Other Types in Python

　　Built．in Type Gotchas

　　 Assignment Creates References，Not Copies

　　 Repetition Adds One Level Deep

　　Beware of Cyclic Data Structures

　　 Immutable Types Can’t Be Changed In-Place

　　Chapter Summary

　　Brain Builder

　　 Chapter Quiz

　　 Quiz Answers

　　Brain Builder：Part II Exercises

PartⅢ Statements and Syntax

　　Introducing Python Statements

　　Python Program Structure Revisited

　　 Python’S Statements

　　ATale ofTwo ifs

　　What Python Adds

　　What Python Removes

　　 Parentheses are optional

　　 End of line iS end of statement

　　 End of indentation iS end of block

　　Why Indentation Syntax?

　　A Few Special Cases

　 Statement rule special cases

　 Block rule special case

　　A Quick Example：Interactive Loops

　　 A Simple Interactive Loop

　　 Doing Math on User Inputs

　　 Handling Errors by Testing Inputs

　　 Handling Errors with try Statements

　　 Nesting Code Three Levels Deep

　　Chapter Summary

　　Brain Builder

　　 Chapter Quiz

　　 Quiz Answers

　11．Assignment，Expressions，and print

　　Assignment Statements

　　 Assignment Statement Forms

　　 Sequence Assignments

　　 Advanced sequence assignment patterns

　　 Multiple—Target Assignments

Multiple—target assignment and shared references

　　 Augmented Assignments

　 Augmented assignment and shared references

　 Variable Name Rules

　 Naming conventions

　 Names have no type，but objects do

　　Expression Statements

　　　Expression Statements and In-Place Changes

　　print Statements

　　 The Python“Hello World”Program

　　 Redirecting the Output Stream

　　 The print>>file Extension

　　 Chapter Summary

　　 Brain Builder

　　 Chapter Quiz

　　 Quiz Answers

　12．if Tesis

if Statements

　 General Format

　 Basic Examples

　 Multiway Branching

Python Syntax Rules

　 Block Delimiters

　 Statement Delimiters

　 A Few Special Cases

Truth Tests

　 The if/else Ternary Expression

Chapter Summary

Brain Builder

　 Chapter Quiz

　 Quiz Answers

　13．while and for Loops

while Loops

　 General Format

　 Examples

　 break，continue，pass，and the Loop else

　 General Loop Format

　 Examples

　　 pass

　　 continue

　　 break

　　 else

　　 More on the loop else clause

　 forLoops

　 General Format

　 Examples

　　 Basic usage

　　 Other data types

　 Tuple assignment in for

　 Nested for loops

　　Iterators：A First Look

　　 File Iterators

　　 Other Built—in Type Iterators

　　 Other Iteration Contexts

　　 User—Defined Iterators

　　Loop Coding Techniques

　　 Counter Loops：while and range

　　 Nonexhaustive Traversals：range

　　 Changing Lists：range

　　 Parallel Traversals：zip and map

Dictionary construction with zip

　　 Generating Both 0ffsets and Items：enumerate

　　List Comprehensions：A First Look

　　 List Comprehension Basics

　　 Using List Comprehensions on Files

　　 Extended List Comprehension Syntax

　　Chapter Summary

　　Brain Builder

　　 Chapter Quiz

　　 Quiz Answers

　14．The Documentation Interlude

Python Documentation Sources

　 #Comments

　 The dir Function

　 Docstrings：--doc--

　　 User-defined docstrings

　　 Docstring standards

　　 Built-in docstrings

　 PyDoc：The help Function

　 PyDoc：HTML Reports

　 Standard Manual Set

　 Web Resources

　 Published Books

Common Coding Gotchas

　　……

PartⅣ Function

15.Function Basics

16.Scopes and Arguments

17.Advanced Function Topics

PartⅤ.Modules

18.Modules:The Big Picture

19.Module Coding Basics

20.Module Packages

21.Advanced Module Topics

PartⅥ Classes and OOP

22.OOP:The Big Picture

23.Class Coding Basics

24.Class Coding Details

25.Designing with Classes

26.Advanced Class Topics

PartⅦ Exceptions and Tools

27.Exception Basics

28.Exception Objects

29.Designing with Exceptions

PartⅧ Appendixes

A.Installation and Configuration

B.Solutions to End-of-Part Exercises

Index