CCIE学习指南（英文版）

Chapter 1 Getting Started

Congratulations!

CClE: An Overvlew

What Background Do l Need to Become a CClE?

Steps in Becoming a CClE

CClE Routlng and Switching Expert

The Tests for CClE Routing and Switchlng Expert

CClEWAN Switohing Expert

TheTests for CClEWAN Swltchlng Expert

CClE ISP Dial Expert

TheTests for CClE ISP Dial Expert

Recertlficatlon for CClEs

Gaining the Necessary CiscoTraining

Getting the Most from Your Training by Developing Good StI

What's Behlnd Certlflcation Requirements?

Reglsterlng for the Exam

Tips forTaking the Exams

StandardTesting Technique

WhattoDolfYouFail

Conclusion

Chapter 2 Data Link Layer-MAC Layer Issues

Data Link Layer Addressing

Data Llnk Frames

MAC Addressing

FDDl Addressing

Bit OrderTransmlssion

Ethernet Archltecture

Ethernet Definition

Ethernet Transmission

Ethernet Reception

Full-Duplex Ethernet

lEEE 802.2 Data Link Service

Summary of Ethernet Frame Formations and Descriptions

lEEE 802.3 Frame Format

lEEE 802.3 SNAP Frame Format

802.3 Raw Novell Proprietary Frame Format

802.2 LLC Header

Addressing Schemes

Fast Ethernet

Media Access Control Layer

Media Independent Interface Layer

lOOBASE-TX Physical Layer

100BASE-T4 Physical Layer

lOOBASE-FX Physical Layer

Wlring Standard

Network Diameter

Repeater Classes

Ethernet Vendor Addresses

Token Ring Architecture

Token Ring Operation

Token Ring Frame Definitions

Token Format

Token Rlng Addressing

Token Ring Functions

Token Ring Initiallzation

Starting the Ring: The Token Claim Process

Operation

Frame Transmission

Frame Reception

Normal Repeat Mode

EarlyToken Release

Fault Isolation and Software Error Reporting

Token Ring Monitors: Malntalnlng the Rlng

FDDl Architecture

Baslc FDDl Characteristics

FDDl Timers and Frame Formats

Connection Establishment

Ring Initialization

Neighbor Notification and Duplicate Address Check

Normal Operation

FDDl Management

Summary

Address Summary

Token Ring Architecture Summary

FDDl Architecture Summary

Data Link Layer Study Questions

Chapter 3 Logical Link Control Layer Issues

MAC and LLC Layers

LLC Type 2 Operation

Connection-Oriented LLC2-Asynchronous Balance Mode

Frame Formats

SAP Addressing

Sequencing of Data (LLC2)

Timer Functions

Connection-Oriented Services of the lEEE 802.2 Protocol

Details of LLC Type 2 Operation

LLC2 Frame Receptton

A Live Connectlon

LLCType 1 Operatlon

Informatlon Transfer

SNAP

Logical Link Control Layer Study Questlons

Bridging and LAN Swltchlng

Bridging Advantages

How Bridges Work

MAC Bridge Frame Formats .

Transparent Brldglng

Spannlng Tree Algorithm

How STB Works

Shaping the Spanning Tree

Clsco Transparent Brldglng Features

Source-Route Brldglng (SRB)

How Source Routing Works

Source Route Trafflc Overhead

Parallel Brldges and Load Balanclng

Route Determination

Cisco Source Route Bridglng

Source Route Brldglng Features

Remote Source-Route Brldglng

DLSw+

SRB Summary

Source Route Transparent

The SRT Solution

SRT BRlDGlNG

About SRT

Source-Route Transparent Bridging Features

Translational and Encapsulation Brldging

Translational Bridging

Encapsulation Bridglng

Translation from Token Ring Frames to Ethernet

Translation from Ethernet Frames to Token Rlng

Bridging Study Questions

Transparent Bridging

Source-Routing Bridging

Source Route Transparent

Other Reference Materials

NetBlOS Architecture

NetBlOS Names

What Are NetBlOS Services?

NetBlOS General Service Commands

Naming Services

What Is a NetBIOS Session?

NetBIOS Datagram Services

NBF and Sessions

NetBEUI and the OSI Model

LLC Sublayer

Connectionless Trafflc

Connection-Oriented Traffic

Adaptlve Slidlng Window Protocol

LinkTimers

NetBIOS Session Tlmers

NetBEUI on a Multisegmented Token Ring LAN

Cisco NetBIOS support

NetBIOS Name Caching

NetBIOS BroadcastThrottling

NetBIOS Broadcast Damplng

NetBIOS Datagram Broadcast Handllng

Broadcast Reduction

Name Caching

NetBIOS Cache Aging

Statically Conflgured NetBIOS Names

NetBIOS Study Questions

lapter 6 Working with AppleTalk

Cisco Systems AppleTalk Routing

Data Link and Physical Layers

Llnk-Access Protocols

Data Links

AppleTalk Address Resolution Protocol (AARP)

AppleTalk AARP Addressing

Network Layer

DDP Protocol Packet Layout

What Is an AppleTalk Network Number?

AppleTalk Phase 1 Architecture

AppleTalk Phase 2 Architecture

Integrating AppleTalk Phase 1 and 2

Transport Layer

Routing Table Maintenance Protocol

AppleTalk Update-Based Routing Protocol

Name Binding Protocol Header Descriptions

What Is an AppleTalk Zone?

Zone Informatlon Protocol

ASP Session Protocol

Printer Access Protocol (PAP)

Presentation Layer Protocols

AppleTalk Filing Protocol

Cisco Enhancements to Standard AppleTalk Services

Security

AppleTalk CCIE Study Questions

Chapter 7 Working With Novell NetWare

Building the Directory Framework

Directory Loglcal Structure

MAC

ATM

MAC Header

Data Link Frames and Frame Types

FDDl SNAP

NetWare Layer 3 Support

IPX Addressing

Host Number

Network Number

Socket Number

Checksum

Length

Transport Control

PacketType

Destlnatlon Network

Destination Host Node

Destinatlon Socket

Source Network

Source Node

Source Socket

Novell IPX Routing Information Protocol (RlP)

Distance-Vector Algorithms

Clsco lOS IPX RoutingTable

Client and Router Interaction

IPX RlP Interval

Multiple Routes

IPX and Spllt Horizon

IPX Static Routing

Configurable RlP Tlmers

Novell Burst Mode Architecture

Novell Burst Mode Sequence Number

NLSP: A Link-State Routlng Protocol

Llnk-State Databases

NLSP Addressing

NLSP Advantages

Level 1 LSP

NLSP Management Information

Link-State Information

Servlces Information

External Routes Header

IPX Level l Hello Packet

CSNP Header

Service Advertising Protocol

SAP Header Format and Fields

Cisco Static SAP Tables

Clsco Conflgurable SAP Timers

Servlce Advertising Protocol

IPX SAP Interval

SPX Architecture

Large Packets

SPX Packet Format

SPX Header Description

SPX Acknowledgment Packets

SPX Connectlon Management Packets

Connection Management

Sesslon Termination

SPXWatehdog Algorithm

Sesslon Watchdog during Connection Establishment

Windowing Algorithm

Managlng Sequence and Acknowledge Numbers

Acknowledgments

Extensive Error-Recovery Mechanlsms

Data Packet Timeout

Window Slze

Congestlon Control Algorithm

NetWare Core Protocol

NCP Header Descrlptions

NCP Functlon Codes

NetBlOS over IPX

IPXVersion l.O

Connection Establishment

The Shell Program

IPX Protocol Deslgn Worksheet

Novell IPX PROTOCOLWORKSHEET

Novell IPX RlPWORKSHEET

Novell SAPWORKSHEET

Novell IPX WAN DESlGN WORKSHEET

NOVELL NLSP DESlGN WORKSHEET

Novell CClE Study Questions

Chapter 8 TCP/lP Architecture Overview

Internet Protocol (IP)

IP Datagrams

IP Addresses

Address Classes

Summary of IP Address Classes

Classless InterDomain Routing (ClDR)

Subnetting

Variable Length Subnet Masks (VLSM)

IP Addressing and Subnetting Exercises

ARP Architecture

ARP: Frame Encapsulation

ARP: Header Format

Proxy ARP

Reverse ARP

ARP Features

OHCP Protocol Architecture

DHCP Scopes

DHCP Relay.

Conflguratlon Parameters

Network Address Allocatlon

Client-Server Protocol

Constructlng and Sendlng DHCP Messages

DHCP Server Controls

DHCP Server Behavlor

DHCP Cllent Behavlor

Appllcatlons and Beneflts

Managlng DNS

DHCP in a Swltohed Network

TCP/lP Networks Easler to Conflgure

Internet Control Message Protocol (lCMP)

lCMP Encapsulation

lCMP Header Format

Echo Request (Type 8) or Echo Reply Message (Type 0)

IP Flelds

Destination Unreachable Message

Souroe Quench Message

lCMP Flelds

Redirect Message

IPFlelds

lCMP Fields

Tlme Exceeded Message

IP Fields

lCMP Fields

Parameter Problem Message

IP Flelds

lCMP Fields

Tlmestamp Request orTimeIstamp Reply Message

IP Fields

ICMP Fields

Informatlon Request or Informatlon Reply Message

IP Flelds

lCMP Fields

Address Mask Request or Address Mask Reply Message

TCP Protocol Overview

Full-Duplex Operation

Sequence Numbers

Window Size and Bufferlng

Round-Trlp Time Estimatlon

Header Format

Sequence Numbers

Initlal Sequence Number Selection

Establishing a connection

The Communication of Urgent Information

Managlng the Wlndow

User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

UDP and the ISO Model

UDP Header Encapsulation

NetBlOSoverTCP/lP

Interface to Application Programs

NetBlOS Scope

NetBlOS End-Nodes

NetBlOS Support Servers

NetBlOS Name Server (NBNS) Nodes

Relationship of NetBlOS Support Servers and B Nodes

Topologies

Retransmisslon of Requests

Requests without Responses: Demands

Transaction ID

TCP and UDP Foundatlons

Representation of NetBlOS Names

First Level Encoding

Second Level Encoding

NetBlOS Name Service

Name Registration (Claim)

Narne Query (Discovery)

Name Release

Explicit Release

NetBlOS Session Service

Overview of NetBlOS Session Service

Session Establishment Phase Overview

NetBlOS Datagram Service

NetBlOS Datagrams by B Nodes

NetBlOS Datagrams by P and M Nodes

Cisco's TCP/IP Optlons

Access Restrictions

Multivendor Tunneling

IP Multicast Support

Routing Protocol Update Suppression

Administrative Distance

Routing Protocol Redistribution

Serverless Network Support

Network Monitoring and Debugging

Summary

TCP/lP CClE Study Questions

ter 9 Routing Information Protocol (RlP)

RlP Limitations

Split Horizon

Triggered Updates

Route States

UP

GARBAGE COLLECTlON

Hold-Down

RlPvl Commands

Addressing Considerations

RlPTimers

RlP Header Format and Fields

RlP Summary

Route Tag

Subnet Mask

Next Hop

Queries

Authentlcation

Larger Infinity

Securlty Conslderations

When Should l Choose RlPvl over RlPv2?

TCP/lP RlP Routing Protocol

Design Checkllst

RlP Study Questions

Chapter lO Interior Gateway Routing Protocol and Enhanced IGRP

IGRP

Stability Features

Timers

IGRP Header Format Description

Enhanced IGRP

PacketTypes

NelghborTables

Topology Tables

Route States

Route Tagglng

Compatlblllty wlth IGRP

Clsco IGRP Deslgri Worksheet

IGRP ElGRP Study Questions

Chapter l l Open Shortest Path First

The Shortest-Path Tree

OSPF Topology

Area Partitioning

OSPF Router Classes

OSPF Network Support

Virtual Links

Hierarchical Routing

Stub Areas

OSPF Concepts

Nelghbors

Designated Router

Adjacency

Flooding

Dijkstra Algorithm

Routing Protocol Packets

OSPF Message Header

The Hello Protocol

Designated Router

Electing the DR

Oatabase Descrlptlon Packets

Llnk State Request Packets

Llnk State Update Packets

Router Link State Advertlsements

Network LSAs

Summary LSAs

Autonomous System External LSAs

OSPF Routing Protocol Deslgn Worksheet

OSPF Study Questions

Chapter 12 Border Gateway Protocol

How BGP Works

Routes: Advertisement and Storage

Routing Information Bases

Operatlonal Features

BGP Message Header Format

OPEN Message Fprmat

UPDATE Message Format

KEEPALlVE Message Format

NOTlFlCATlON Message Format

BGP Error Handling

Connection colllslon detection

BGP Version Negotlation

BGP Flnlte State Machine

Decision Process

Breaklng Tles (Phase 2)

Phase 3; Route Dissemination

Overlapplng Routes

Update-Send Process

Internal Updates

Breaking Tles (Internal Updates)

External Updates

Origlnating BGP routes

BGP CClE Study Questions

Chapter 13 Data Link Switchlng (DLSw)

Background

Objectlve of DLSw

Common Method for Transport of SNA over TCP/lP

Overview of DLSw

Transport Connection

Address Parameters

DLSw Operatlons

Correlators

MessageTypes

DLSw State Machine

Explorer Trafflc

Largest Frame Slze Fleld

Capabillties Exchange Formats/Protocol

Control Vector ID Range

Control Vector Order and Continulty

Initial Capablllties Exchange

Run-Tlme Capabilitles Exchange

Capabllltles Exchange Flltering Responslbllitles

DLSw Capabilities Exchange Structured Subflelds

Vendor ID (0x81) Control Vector

DLSw Version (0x82) Control Vector

Inltial Paclng Window (0x83) Control Vector

Verslon String (0384) Control Vector

MAC Address Excluslvlty (0385) Control Vector

SAP Llst Support (0386) Control Vector

TCP Connectlons (0387) Control Vector

NetBlOS Name Excluslvlty (0388) Control Vector

MAC Address List (0389) Control Vector

NetBlOS Name Llst (038A) Control Vector

Vendor Context (038B) Control Vector

Capablllties Exchange Responses

Flow and Congestion Control

Clsco DLSw Implementations

Standard Data Llnk Swltchlng

Cisco DLSW+ Enhancements

Port/Rlng Lists

Peer Group Concept

Prlorltlzatlon

Summary

SNA, DLSw, Stun, SDLLC, and ClP Study Questions

Chapter 14 ATM Architecture

ATM Beneflts

User-Network Interface Configuration

User-Network tnterface Protocol Architecture

Physical Layer

The SONET Physlcal Layer

DS3 Physlcal Layer

Other Physlcal Layers

Rate Decoupllng

ATM Layerand ATM Cells

ATM CellHeader

GFC

vpvvci

PT

CLP

HEC

ATM Cell Information Field

AAL Service Attributes Classified

AAL Protocol Structure Defined

ATM Adaptation Layer

AAL1 Constant Bit Rate (CBR) Servlces

AAL 2: Variable Bit Rate (VBR?Timing Sensltive Servlces

AAL3/4

AAL5: Simple and Efficient Adaptations Layer

Control Plane Overview

Layer Management

Management Plane

Signaling and Routing in the Control Plane

Use of Signaling Protocols

Control Plane Addressing and Routing Defined

ATM Layer Addressing

ATM Signaling and Addressing

Private Networks

NSAP-Based Address Format

Signaling AAL

User-Network Interface Signaling

Signaling ATM Adaptatlon Layer

Signaling Virtual Channel

Signaling Setup Description

Signaling Messages and Information Elements

Signaling Procedures

ATM Connection Setup

Sending Data to Multiple Receivers

Multiplexlng among Different ATM Connectlons

Generlc Functions

QoS, Network Performance, and Cell Loss Prlority

ATM Quallty of Service

ATM Service Categories

ATM Traffic Management

Permanent Virtual Connectlons

Swltched Virtual Connections

Connectlon Admlsslon Control

Routing

VBR/ABR Bandwidth

Cell Loss Priority

Trafflc Shaping

Trafflc Policing

Congestlon Control

ABRTraffic

UBRTraffic

Network-Node Interface Signaling

ATM Forum Interlm Interswltch Signallng Protocol

ATM Forum's Routing Protocol PNNl

Archltecture

PNNl Introductlon

Network Addresslng Phllosophy

PNNl Protocol Between Switohes

PNNl Routing Hierarchy and Topology Aggregation

PNNl Hello Protocol

Database Synchronlzatlon

PNNl Topology Descrlptlon and Dlstrlbution

Supported Metrlcs and Attrlbutes

References

ARP 1577

Accommodatlng IP wlth ATM ARP

ATMARP and InATMARP Packet Format

RFC 1577 Cllent Connectlon Setup

LAN Emulatlon Overvlew

LAN-Speclflc Characterlstics To Be Emulated

Emulated LANs

Architectural Overview

Basic Concepts

Arohitectural Perspectlve

Layer Interfaces

LAN Emulation User to Network Interface (LUNl)

LAN Emulatlon Components

Data Connections

Emulated LAN Functions

Inltlalizatlon

Initial State

LECS Connect Phase

Configuration Phase

Joln Phase

Inltlal Reglstratlon

Connecting to the BUS

Initlalization Phases, Recovery, and Termination

Reglstration

Address Resolutlon

LANE Connection Management

LAN Emulation Frame Formats

Data Frame

Encoding of Ethernet/lEEE 802.3 Type/Length Fields

LE Control Frames

Initlal State-LANE Servlce Architecture

LECS Connect Phase

Flnding at Least One LECS

Conflguration Phase

Configure Request

Conflguratlon-LE Servlce View

Configuratlon Response Frame-Parameter Encodlngs

Configuratlon Frames

Configuratlon Response Frame-Parameter Encodings

Joln Phase

Join Frames

Connecting to the BUS Protocol and Procedures

LANE Registratlon Process

LANE Address Resolution Protocol

Local Management Directlves

Address Resolutlon Frames

Flush Message Protocol, Procedures, and Frame Formats

Flush Message Protocol and Procedures

Optlonal Protocol

Flush Frames

Usage of ATM Addresses

LE Conflguratlon Server ATM Addresses

LANE Client Setup Example

Finding the LECS

Joinlng an Emulated LAN

ATM Study Questions

ATM Show Commands

Chapter l 5 Wide Area Networking

Frame Relay Architecture

Reduced Internetworklng Costs

Increased Performance with Reduced Network Complexlty

Increased Interoperability via Internatlonal Standards

How Frame Relay Works

Inverse Address Resolution Protocol

Elements of Frame Relay

Frame Relay and the OSl Model

Levels of Frame Relay

Frame Relay Network

Local Management Interface (LMl)

Bandwldth on Demand

Cisco's Implementatlon of Frame Relay

X.25 Module

PACKET SWlTCHlNG

X.25 LEVELS

Physical Level

X.21 Digital Interface

X.25 Data Llnk Layer Operatlons

Hlgh-Level Data Link Control

X.25's Llnk Access Procedure-Balanced

Satellite Servlce and Modulo 128

Configurable Network Parameters

Flag Fleld

Address Field

Control Fleld

Information Fleld

FCS

Packet Level

Non-X.25 Devlces

Packet Assemblers/DIsassemblers (PADS)

X.25 Protocols

Dlal X.25 (Recommendatlon X.32)

X.25 Internetworking (Recommendatlon X.75)

Vlrtual Circuits and Loglcal Channels

Packet Formats

Identlfylng Types of Packets

The MaJor Categories of x.25 Packets

Call Refusals

Data Transfers in VIrtual Calls

Call Colllslon and Resolutlon

Interruption wlthout Call Clearlng

Terminating a Vlrtual Call

Packet Layer Flow Control

Control Packets for Abnormal Condltions

Diagnostic Packets and Unrecoverable Errors

Network LayerTimers

Packet Layer State Diagrams

X.25 States, Error Handling, and the Frame Relay Approach

X.25 Virtual Interfaces

Connection-Mode Network Service

Quallfled Logical Link Control Support

Defense Data Network and Blacker Front End X..25

ISDN Architecture

Servlce Types

ISDN and the OSI Reference Model

Cisco's Implementatlon

Functional Devices and Reference Polnts

ISDN Functional Devices

ISDN Reference Points

Layer 2 of ISDN

Network Level-Signal Protocol (Layer 3)

Layer 3 of ISDN(Q.931)

Network Layer Message Format

Example of an ISDN Call

ISDN Applications

Prlmary Line Backup

Dial on Demand

Telecommuting

ISDN Features

ISDN Security

Frame Relay Study Questlons

X.25 Study Questions

ISDN CCIE Study Questions

Answer Key

Chapter

Chapter

Chapter

Chapter

Chapter

Chapter

Chapter

Chapter

Chapter

Chapter

Chapter

Chapter

Chapter

Chapter

Appendlx A

Appendix B

References

Index