Microsoft Windows 2000 Server TCP/IP核心网络指南：英文

Contents

Introduction xxxv

Document Conventions xxxv

Resource Kit Compact Disc xxxvi

Resource Kit Support Policy xxxvii

Part 1 Windows 2000 TCP/IP

Chapter 1 Introduction to TCP/IP

TCP/IP Protocol Suite

Microsoft TCP/IP

TCP/IP stadndards

TCP/IP Protocol Architecture

TCP/IP Core Protocols

IP

ARP

ICMP

IGMP

TCP

UDP

TCP/IP Application Interfaces

Windows Sockets Interface

NetBIOS Interface

IP Addressing

Address Classes

ClassesA

ClassesB

ClassesC

ClassesD

ClassesE

Network ID Guidelines

HOST ID Guidelines

Subnets and Subnet Masks

Subnet Masks

Determining the Network ID

Subnetting

Step 1:Determining the Number of Host Bits

Step 2:Enumetating Subnetted Network IDs

Step 3:Enumerating IP addresses for Each Subnetted Network ID

Variable Length Subnetting

Supernetting and Classless Interdomain Routing

Address Space Perspective

Public and Private Addresses

Public Addresses

Private Addresses

Name Resolution

Host Name Resolution

Domain Names

Host Name Resolution Using a Hosts File

Combining a Local Database File with DNS

NetBIOS Name Resolution

NetBIOS Node Types

IP Routing Direct and Indirect Delivery

IP Routing

Direct and Indirect Delivery

IP Routing Table

IP Routing Table Entry Types

Route Determination Process

Example Routing Table for Windows 2000

Routing Processes

IP on the Sending Host

IP on the Router

IP on the Destination Host

Static and Dynamic IP Routers

Physical Address Resolution

ARP Cache

ARP Process

Additional Resources

Chapter 2 Windows 2000 TCP/IP

Overview of Windows 2000 TCP/IP

Standard Features and Performance Enhancements

Services Available

Internet RFCs Supported by Microsoft Windows 2000 TCP/IP

Architecture of Microsoft TCP/IP for Windows 2000

NDIS Interface and Below

Network Driver Interface Specification and TCP/IP

Link Layer Functionality

Maximum Transndssion Unit

Core Protocol Stack Components

Address Resolution Protocol

Using the ARP Tool

ARP Cache Aging 75

Updating Entries in the ARP Cache

ARP and UDP Messages

Internet Protocol

Routing

Using the Route Tool

Duplicate IP Address Detection

Multihondng

Classless Interdomain Routing

IP Multicasting

IP Over ATM

Intemet Control Message Protocol

Maintaining Route Tables

PMTU Discovery

Use of ICMP to Diagnose Problems

Flow Control Using ICMP

ICMP Router Discovery

Quality of Service and Resource Reservation Protocol

IP Security

Internet Group Management Protocol

Multicast Extensions to Windows Sockets

Use of IP Multicasting by Windows 2000 Components

Transndssion Control Protocol

TCP Receive Window Size Calculation and Window Scaling

Delayed Acknowledgments

TCP Selective Acknowledgment

TCP TimestamPs

Dead Gateway Detechon

TCP Retransndssion Behavior

TCP Keep-Alive Messages

Slow Start Algorithm and Congestion Avoidance

Silly Window SyndrOme

Nagle Algorithm

TCP TIME-WAIT Delay

TCP Connections To and From Multihomed Computers

Throughput Considerations

User Datagram Protocol

UDP and Name Resolution

Mailslots Over UDP

Network Application Interfaces

Windows Sockets

Applications

Name and Address Resolution

Support for IP Multicasting

Backlog Parameter

Push Bit InterPretation

NetBIOS Over TCP/IP

NetBIOS Names

NetBIOS Name Registration and Resolution

NetBIOS Name Registration and Resolution for Multihomed Computers

Windows 2000 NetBT Intemet/DNS. Enhancements

NetBIOS Over TCP/IP Sessions

NetBIOS Datagram Services

Client Services and Components

Automatic Client Configuration

Media Sense

Dynamic Update DNS Client

DNS Resolver Cache Service

TCP/IP Filtering

Additional Resources

Chapter3 TCPhPTroubIeshooting

Overview of TCP/IP Troub1eshooting Tools

Arp

Hostname

Ipconfig

Nbtstat

Netdiag

Netdiag Syntax

Netstat

Nslookup

PathPing

Loss Calculation

Ping

Route

Tracert

How Tracert Works

Interpreting Tracert Results

Troubleshooting Overview

TCP/IP Conununication

Resolving a Name to an IP Address

Resolving a NetBIOS Name to an IP Address

Resolving a Host or Domain Name to an IP Address

Detendning Whether an Address Is Local or Remote

If the Destination Address Is Local, IP Uses ARP to Identify

Destination MAC Address

If the Address Is Remote, Detendne the Correct Gateway

ARP for Gateway Address

Unable to Reach a Host or NetBIOS Name

Error 53

Cannot Connect to Remote Systems Using Host Name

Check the Hosts File

Check Your DNS Configuration

Check the LMHOSTS File

Check the WINS Configuration

Unable to Reach an IP Address

Check Configuration with IPConfig

Test Network Connection with Ping and PathPing

Clear ARP Cache

Verify Default Gateway

Ping Remote Host

Test IP-to-MAC Address Resolution with ARP

Detecting Duplicate IP Addresses Using ARP

Detecting Invalid Entries in the ARP Cache

Verify Persistent Routing Table Entries

Use Tracert and PathPing

Verify Server Services on the Remote ComPuter

Check IP Security on the Initiating Host

Check Packet Filtering

Troubleshooting IP Routing

Cannot Connect to a Specific Server

Connection to Remote Host Hangs

Exandning the Routing Table with Route

Enabling IP Routing

Exandne Paths with Tracert

Troubleshooting Gateways

Troubleshooting ARP

Troubleshooting Translational Bridging

Using Ping to Detendne Maximum Transndssion Units

Troubleshooting PMTU Black Hole Routers

Discovering PMTU with Ping

Troubleshooting Services

Cannot Ping Across a Router as a Remote Access Client

Troubleshooting TCP/IP Database Files

Removing and Reinstalling TCP/IP

SNMP Registry Keys

TCP/IP bonting Registry Keys

SimPle TCP/IP Services Registry Keys

DHCP Registry Keys

WINS Registry Keys

DNS Registry Keys

Additional Resources

Part 2 Sddress Allocation and Name Resolution

Chapter 4 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

What Is DHCP?

DHCP Tendnology

How DHCP Works

Benefits of DHCP

New Features

DHCP Client Support

DHCP Lease Process

DHCP Messages

How the Lease Process Works

DHCP Client States ih the Lease Process

Initializing

Selecting

Requesting

Binding

Renewing

Rebinding

Restarting a DHCP Client

Lease Renewals

Managing Lease Durations

Managing Scopes

80/20 Rule

Managing Reservations

Superscopes

Removing Scopes

Preventing Address Conflicts

Server Conflict Detection

Client Conflict Detection

Managing DHCP Options

DHCP Option Parameters

Information Options

Intemal Protocol Options

Options fOr Routing and Remote Access Clients

Option Classes

Vendor Classes

User Classes

Configuring Options

Options Precedence

Multicast DHCP

Background on Multicasting

Dynndc Membership

Multicast Address Ranges

Supporting MADCAP

DHCP Database

Database Management

Record Management

Storage Space Management

Database Backup

DHCP Service Database Files

Supporting BOOTP Clients

Differences Between BOOTP and DHCP

BOOTP Clients Requesting IP Address Information Only

BOOTP Clients Requesting Boot File Information

DHCP Options Supported fOr BOOTP Clients

Configuring the BOOTP Table

Planning for DHCP

Best Practices

DHCP Service Installation

Upgrading the DHCP Database for Windows 2000

Configuring DHCP

Preventing Rogue DHCP Servers

How DHCP Servers Are Authorized

How Unauthorized Servers Are Detected

Clustering DHCP Servers

ExamPle of Clustered DHCP Servers

DHCP Scenarios

DHCP in Small Networks

DHCP in Large Networks

DHCP in Routed Networks

Relay Agent Deployment

Recommnded General Configuration

Windows 2000 Server Routing and Remote Access Relay Agents

Windows NT Server 4.0 Relay Agents

DHCP and Routing and Remote Access

DHCP and WINS

Adding Fault Tolerance to DHCP/WINS Service

Additional Recommendations

DHCP and DNS

Additional Recommendations

Windows-Based DHCP Clients and DNS with Dynandc Updates

DHCP and Automatic Private IP Addressing

Multihomed DHCP Servers

Configuring a Multihomed DHCP Server

Managing Relay Agents

How Relay Agents Work

Troubleshooting

Using Ipconfig and Winipcfg

Troubleshooting DHCP Clients

Troubleshooting DHCP Servers

Common Problems

Monitoring Server Performance

DHCP System Monitor Counters

DHCP Manager Statistical Data

DHCP Audit Logging

NaIning Audit Log Files

Starting a Daily Audit Log

Disk Checks

Ending a Daily Audit Log

Restoring Server Data

Detecting DHCP Jet Data Corruption

Simple Recovery: Restoring from Backup

Rebuilding a Stopped DHCP Server

Moving the DHCP Server Database

Compacting the DHCP Server Database

Using Reconcile to Salvage Scopes

Analyzing Server Log Files

DHCP Server Log File Format

DHCP Server Log Event Codes

Additional Resources

Chapter 5 Introduction to DNS

Introduction to the Domain Name System

Domain Namespace

Domain Name

Internet Domain Namespace

Basic DNS Concepts

Zones

DNS Servers

Caching-Only Servers

Forwarders and Slaves

Load Sharing

Name Resolution

Recursive and Iterative Queries

Caching and Time to Live

Negative Caching

Resource Records and Zones

Resource Record Format

Resource Record Types

SOA Resource Records

NS Resource Records

A Resource Records

PTR Records

CNAME Resource Records

MX Resource Records

SRV Records

Less Conunon Resource Records

Resource Records Not Defined in RFCs

Delegation and Glue Records

Zones

Forward Lookup Zone

Reverse Lookup Zone

Root Hints Files

Boot Files

Zone Transfer

Full Zone Transfer

lncremental Transfer

DNS Notify

Dynarnic Update

DNS Standards

Additional Resources

Chapter 6 Windows 2000 DNS

Introduction to the Windows 2000 Implementation of DNS

Nandng Hosts and Domains

Complying With Name Restrictions fOr Hosts and Domains

Using Group Policy to Specify a DNS Suffix

Windows 2000 Resolver

Name Resolution

DNS Name Resolution

DNS Queries

Configuring Query Settings

Configuring Caching and Negative Caching

Configuring Subnet Prioritization

Preventing the Resolver from Accepting Responses from Non-Queried Servers

Setting Up DNS fOr Active Directory

Using the Active Directory Installation Wizard

Using the Configure DNS Server Wizard

Adding a Reverse Lookup Zone

Planning fOr Reverse Lookup Zones

Configuring a Standard Reverse Lookup Zone

Configuring and Delegating a Classless In-addr.arpa Reverse Lookup Zone

Active Directory Integration and Multimaster Replication

Integrated Storage

Storage Location

Creating, Converting, and DeIeting Zones

Multimaster Replication

Name Collisions

Causing Immdiate Replication

Dynandc Update and Secure Dynandc Update

Dynandc Update

Dynamic Update Process

DHCP Clients and Servers

Statically Configured and Remote Access Clients

Multihomed Clients

Time to Live

Resolving Name Conflicts

Secure Dynandc Update

Configuring Secure DynaInic Update

Controlling Update Access to Zones

Reserving Names

DNS Standards for Secure Dynandc Update

Secure Dynandc Update Process

Security fOr DHCP Clients That Do Not Support the FQDN Option

Aging and Scavenging of Stale Records

Aging and Scavenging Parameters

Record Life Span

Server Behavior

Configuring Scavenging Parameters

Integration with WINS

Format of WINS and WINS-R Resource Records

Example of WINS Lookup

Configuring WINS Lookup

Advanced Parameters for WINS Lookups

Interoperability with Other DNS Servers

Dynandc Update and Secure Dynandc Update Considerations

WINS Lookup Interoperability Considerations

Using WINS Referral

Zone Transfer Considerations

Unicode Character Set Considerations

Configuring Non-Windows 2000 DNS Servers to Support

Active Directory

Using Non-Microsoft DNS Servers to Support Active Directory

Using the Name of a Delegated Zone as an Active Directory Domain

Name

Using the Existing Zone Name as the Active Directory

Domain Name

Internet Access Considerations

Planning Your Namespace

Namespace Planning Example

Configuring the External Namespace

Configuring the Internal Namespace

Examples of Queries

Query for a Name in the Internal Namespace

Query fOr a Name in the External Namespace

Query for a Name in the External Namespace of an Otganization

Query for a Name in the Nameespace of the Merged Organization

Troubleshooting

Troubleshooting Tools

Nslookup

Using IPConfig

Event Viewer

DNS Log

Stopping and Flushing the Cache

Monitoring in the DNS Console

Best Practices for Configuring and AdIninistering DNS

Verifying Your Basic DNS Configuration

Verifying That Your DNS Server Can Answer Queries

Verifying That the Forward Lookup Zone Is PrOperiy Configured

Testing for Reverse Lookup Zones and PTR Resource Records

Verifying Your DNS Configuration After Installing Active Directory

Diagnosing Name Resolution Problems

Cannot Find Name or IP Address

Incorrect Answer

Checking the DNS Server for Problems

Diagnosing PrOblems with Incorrect Authoritative Data

Diagnosing Problems with Recursion

Diagnosing Zone Transfer Problems

Solving Other Common DNS boblems

Solving DynaInic Update and Secure Dynandc Update Problems

Troubleshooting Dynandc Update

Troubleshooting Secure Dynandc Update

Additional Resources

ChaPter 7 Windows lnt6rn6t Name Service

WINS Overview

New for Windows 2000

Origins of WINS

NetBIOS Legacy of WINS

NetBIOS Name Resolution

Broadcasts in NetBIOS Name Resolution

LMHOSTS Files

Continuing Need for WINS

Microsoft WINS Clients

How WINS Clients Register Their Names

How WINS Clients Renew Their Names

How WINS Clients Release Their Names

How WINS Clients Resolve Names

Client Conflicts Detected During Registration

WINS Client Behavior

Daily Startup

Plugging Into a Different Subnet

Prolonged Shutdowns

Joining Two WINS Systems

Best Practices for WINS Clients

Configure Clients with a Full List of WINS Servers

Use Nbtstat --RR to Manage Client Connectivity

Client Configuration Practices

Microsoft WINS Servers

Overview of WINS Servers

Registration of Group Names

Normal Group Names

Special Group Names

Secondary WlNS Servers

Microsoft WINS Proxy

Querying with a WINS PrOxy Server

Burst Handling

How Burst Handling Works

Configuring Burst Mode Support

Clustering

Best Practices for WINS Servers

Use the Default Configuration

MiniInize the Number of WINS Servers

Use High-Performance Disk Hardware

Add Network Interface Hardware Carefully

Configure Each Server to Point to Itself

WINS Server Fault Tolerance

Do Not Use Extended Characters

Align the Lease and Refresh Periods fOr DHCP and WINS

WINS Database

Managing the WINS Server Database

Backing Up the WINS Database

Repairing a WINS Database

Using Replication to Restore Data

Compacting the WINS Database

Scavenging the Database

Consistency Checking

WINS Database Files

Timers

Server Clocks

Deletion of WINS Database Records

Example of Record Registration and Extinction

Manual Tombstoning

Best Practices fOr WINS Databases

WINS Replication

Overview of the Replication Process

WINS Server PUsh and Pull Partners

Detailed Replication Example

Small-Scale Replication Example

Pulling WINS Database Entries by Version Number

How Records Change and Update

Conflicts Detected During Replication

Persistent Connections

Autodiscovery of WINS Partners

Best Practices for WINS Replication

Configure Push/Pull Replication Partners

Use a Hub-and-Spoke Design fOr WINS Replication and Convergence

Replication Across a Firewall

Managing WINS Servers

Viewing WINS Server Operational Status

Configuring Server and Client Behavior

Managing Static Address Mappings

Managing Multihomed Servers

Administering WINS Through a Firewall

Best Practices for WINS Management Console

Deploying Microsoft WINS Service

WINS Configuration ExamPles

Assessing Network Traffic

Typical Network Traffic

WINS Client Traffic on Routed Networks

Traffic and Topology

How Many Servers To Use

Clients Per Server

WINS Server Performance

Configuring Replication

Automatic Partner Configuration

Replication Between UntrUsted Domains

Replication Across Wide Area Networks

Replication Convergence Time

Example of WINS Server Fault Tolerance

Duplicate Replication Traffic

Replication Partners and Network Configuration

Deconissioning WINS

Reconfigure Client ComPuters Use of WINS

Verify DNS Configuration

Decohossion WINS Servers

Reducing and Redirecting WINS Traffic

Interoperability

Using DHCP with WINS

Using DNS with WINS

WINS Interoperability Options for DNS

Best Practices

Consolidate Subnets

Update Older Clients

Troubleshooting WINS

Common problems

Troubleshooting WINS Clients

Troubleshooting WlNS Servers

Troubleshooting WINS Replication

Server Troubleshooting Utilities

Troubleshooting the WINS Server

Resources

NetBIOS Names

NetBIOS Names Reference

NetShell Commands

WINS Specifications (RFCs)

Additional Resources

Part 3 Network Security and Management

Chapter 8 lnternet ProtocoI Security

Security Issues with IP

Conunon Types of Network Attacks

Eavesdropping

Data Modification 60l

Identity Spoofing (IP Address Spoofing)

Password-Based Attacks

Denial-of Service Attack

Man-in-the-Middle Attack

Comprondsed-Key Attack

Sniffer Attack

Application-Layer Attack

Introducing IPSec

In-Depth Defense

Aggressive Protection Against Attacks

Layer 3 Protection

Policy-Based Security

Simplified Deployment

Services

Security Properties

PUblic Key Certificate--Based Authentication

Pre-Shared Key Authentication

PUblic Key Cryptography

Integrity with Hash Functions

Data Encryptionf Confidentiality

DES

Key Management

Dynandc Re-Keying

Kev Len2ths

IPSec Protocol Types

Authentication Header

Packet Signature

Encapsulating Security Payload

Packet Signature and Encryption

IPSec Components

IPSec Policy Agent Service

Internet Key Exchange

What Is an SA?

Phase I SA

Phase II SA

SA Lifetimes

Key Protection

Key Lifetimes

Session Key Refresh Lindt

Diffie-Hellman Groups

Perfect Forward Secrecy

IPSec Driver

IPSec Model

Tunneling

ESP Tunnel Mode

AH Tunnel Mode

IPSec Policy Structure

Policy Inheritance

Rules

IP Packet Filtering

Filters

Filter Actions

Connection Types

Authentication

IPSec Planning

Best Practices

Establishing an IPSec Security Plan

Minimal Security

Standard Security

High Security

Special IPSec Considerations

IP Filter Lists

Filter Actions

Remote Access Communications

SNMP

Security Gateways

DHCP, DNS, and WINS Services; Domain Controllers

Predefined Configurations

Client (Respond Only)

Server (Request Security)

Secure Server (Require Security)

Predefined Rules

Predefined Filter Actions

Conunon IPSec ExamPle

Policies Required

Troubleshooting

General Troubleshooting

Remote Conununications Fail

Intranet Cornmunications Fail

Other Causes of Failure

Solving Basic IPSec Problems

IPSec Policy Mismatch Ermr

"Bad SPI" Messages in Event Viewer

Verifying IPSec Secured Communications

Using Ping to Verify a Valid Network Connection

Verifying Policy Has Been Assigned

IPSec Monitoring Tool

Only IPSec-Secured Conununication Fails

Broken Links in Policy Components

Restarting the Policy Agent

Reinstalling IPSec Components

Additional Resources

ChaPter 9 QuaIity of service

What is QoS?

Windows 2000 QoS ComPonents

How QoS Works

Involdng QoS

Generic QoS API

QoS Service Provider (RSVP SP, RSVP Service)

Traffic Control

Traffic Control ComPonents

Generic Packet Classifier (Msgpc.sys)

QoS Packet Scheduler (Psched.sys)

Packet Marking

Traffic Service Levels

Resource Reservation Protocol

RSVP Messages

Flowspecs and Filterspecs

Filterspec

Filter Styles

Flowspec

How RSVP Works

RSVP Message StrUctures

Windows 2000 QoS Support

Signaled QoS Architecture

Qualitative Applications

Layer 2 Integration

Differentiated Class of Service

Integrated Services over Slow Links

ATM

Service Level Agreements

Windows 2000 QoS AdInission Control Service

How QoS ACS Works

ImPlementing the QoS ACS

QoS Adndssion Control Policies

Local Policy Module

Security

Policy Store

Defining QoS ACS Policies

Policy Hierarchy

Enterprise-Level Policies

Subnet-Level Policies

Subnet Objects in the QoS ACS Console

Troubleshooting

Basic Troubleshooting

Troubleshooting Methodology

QoS ACS Logs

Accounting Logs

Accounting and Billing

RSVPLogs

RSVP Error Codes

Tools

PathPing

Wdsbm

Rsvptrace

Netmon

Rsping

Tcmon

System Monitor

Qtcp

Readpol

Rsvpsm

Qossp.aid, Rapilib.aid

Ttcp

Tracert

Additional Resources

Chapter 10 SimpIe NetWork Management Protocol

What is SNMP?

Overview of SNMP

Management Systems and Agents

Management Information Base

SNMP Messages

Windows 2000 SNMP Agent Properties

5ecurity

Traps

Comrnunities

Configuring SNMP Security Options

SNMP Event Translator

Architecture of Windows 2000 SNMP

3pecial Considerations in Implementing SNMP

Changing SNMP Port Settings

Securing SNMP Messages with IP Security

Managing DHCP, Windows Internet Name Service, and Internet

Authentication Service

Using System Monitor

Managing DHCP

Managing WINS

Managing IAS

SNMP Tools

Registry Settings

Troubleshooting SNMP

Event Viewer

WINS Service

IPX Addresses

SNMP Service Files

Additional Resources

Part 4 Appendixes

AppendixA OSI Model

OSI Layers

Physical Layer

Data-Link Layer

Network Layer

Transport Layer

Session Layer

Presentation Layer

Application Layer

Data Flow in the OSI Model

Vertical Interface Terminology in the OSI Model

ApPendix B Windows 2000 N6twork Architecture

Overview of Windows 2000 Network Architecture

Network Driver Interface Specification

NDIS New Features

Connection-Oriented NDIS

Wake-On-LAN

Media Sense

Network Plug and Play

TCPlIP Task Off load

NDIS Driver Types

Intermediate Drivers

Miniport Drivers

Network Protocols

TCPlIP

Large Window Support

Selective Acknowledgments

RTT Estimation

IP Security

Generic Quality of Service

ATM

NWLink

NetBEUI

AppleTalk

DLC

IrDA

Transport Driver Interface

Emulator Modules

Network Application Programming Interfaces

Winsock API

Winsock Architecture

Winsock Files

Winsock l.l API

Winsock 2.0 API

Winsock 2.0 SPl Transport Service Providers

Layered Service Provider Layer

Winsock Helper DLLs

Winsock 2.0 Name Resolution Providers

Generic Quality of Service and Resource Reservation Protocl

Telephony API

NetBIOS API

Messaging API

WNet API

Other Network APIs

InterProcess Communication

Distributed Component Object Model

Advantages of Using DCOM

Remote Procedure Call

RPC Name Resolution

Named Pipes and Mailslots

Named Pipes

Mailslots

Common Intemet File System

Basic Network Services

Server Service

Workstation Service

Windows 2000 Redirector

Accessing a Remote File

Network Resource Access

Multiple Universal Nandng Convention Provider

Multi-Provider Router

Additional Resources

Appendix C TCP and UDP Port Assignments

Port Assignments and Protocol Numbers

Port Assignments for Well-Known Ports

Port Assignments for Registered Ports

Port Assignments for Commonly-Used Services

Protocol Numbers

Additional Resources

Appendix D TCPnP Remote Utilities

Finger

Ftp

Rcp

Remote Privileges

Rhosts File

Specifying Hosts

Remote Processing

Copying Files

Rcp Syntax

Rexec

Using Rexec

Using Redirection Symbols

Using Interactive Commands

Rsh

Using Rsh

Using Redirection Symbols

Using Rsh on a Windows 2000 Server Domain

Rhosts File

Telnet

TftP

Appendix E DHCPOptions

Basic Options (RFC l497)

Pad Option

End Option

Subnet Mask

Time Offset

Router

Time Server

IEN Name Server

DNS Server

Log Server

Cookie Server

LPR Server

Impress Server

Resource Location Server

Host Name

Boot File Size

Merit DumP File

DNS Domain Name

Swap Server

Root Path

Extensions Path

IP Host Options

IP Forwarding Enable/Disable

Nonlocal Source Routing Enable/Disable

Policy Filter

Maximum Datagram Reassembly Size

Default IP Time-To-Live

Path MTU Aging Time-out

Path MTU Plateau Table

IP Interface Options

Interface MTU

All Subnets Are Local

Broadcast Address

PerfOrm Mask Discovery

Mask Supplier

Perform Router Discovery

Router Solicitation Address

Static Route

Link Layer Options

Trailer Encapsulation

ARP Cache Time-Out

Ethemet Encapsulation

TCP Options

TCP Default riL

TCP Keep-Alive Interval

TCP Keep-Alive Garbage

Application Layer Options

NIS Domain Name

NIS Servers

NTP Servers

X Window System Font Servers

X Window System Display Manager Servers

NIS+ Domain Name

NIS+ Servers

Mobile IP Home Agents

NetBIOS over TCP/IP Options

NetBIOS Name Server

NetBIOS Datagram Distribution (NBDD) Server

NetBIOS Node Type

NetBIOS Scope ID

Vendor-Specific Options

Vendor-Specific InfOrmation

Vendor Class Identifier

User Class Options

User Class Information

DHCP Extensions

Requested IP Address

IP Address Lease Time

OPtion Overioad

TFTP Server Name

Boot File Name

DHCP Message Type

Server Identifier

Parameter Request List

Optional Message

Maximum Message Size

Renewal Time Value (Tl)

Rebinding Time Value (T2)

Client Unique Identifier

Options Not Defined

Simple Mail Transport Protocol (SMTP) Server

Post Office Protocol (POP3) Server

Network News Transport Protocol (NNTP) Server

Default World Wide Web Server

Default Finger Server

Default Internet Relay Chat Server

StreetTalk Server

StreetTalk Directory Assistance Server

Microsoft Options

Disable NetBIOS over TCP/IP (NetBT)

Release DHCP Lease on Shutdown

Default Router Metric Base

Proxy Autodiscovery (Microsoft@ Internet Explorer 5 OnIy

Chapter F DHCP Messa9e Formats

DHCP Messages

Chapter G MIB 0bjectTypes

Management Information Base

Object Identifiers

Windows 2000 SNMP Agent

Additional Resources

Appendix H LMHOSTS File

Using the LMHOSTS File to Find ComPuters and Services

Locating Remote Computers

Specifying Domain Controllers

Using Centralized LMHOSTS Files

Creating the LMHOSTS File

Creating Entries in the LMHOSTS File

Adding Remote System Names by Using #PRE

Adding Domain Controllers by Using #DOM

Adding User-Defined Special Groups by Using #SG

Adding Multihomed Devices by Using #MH

Defining a Central LMHOST File by Using #INCLUDF

Configuring TCPlIP to Use LMHOSTS Name Resolution

Maintaining the LMHOSTS File

Troubleshooting the LMHOSTS File

ApPendix l Windows 2000 Browser Service

Introduction to the Browser Service

Windows 2000 Browser System Overview

Specifying Browser Computers

Browser System Roles

Non-Browser

Potential Browser

Backup Browser

Master Browser

Domain Master Browser

Browser Elections

Browser Announcements

Non-Browser Announcements

Potential-Browser Announcements

Backup-Browser Announcements

Browser Announcement Time Configuration

Browser Requests

Number of Browsers in a Domain or Workgroup

Browser Shutdown or Failure

Nonbrowser Failure

Backup-Browser Failure

Master-Browser Failure

Domain Master Browser Failures

Browse Service Across Multiple Workgroups and Domains

Browse Service Across an IP Router

Name Resolution

Browse Service Across an IP Router with TCPlIP

Domain Name System

Windows Intemet Name Service

LMHOSTS File

NetBIOS Name Service Broadcasts

Computers Running Windows fOr Workgroups, Windows 95, and Window 98 as Master Browsers 930

Registration and Propagation

Testing Techniques

Monitoring Browsers

Traing a Problem

Other Considerations

Glossary

Index