简明医学机能学实验指导

目录第一章?

医学机能学实验导论

1第一节?

医学机能学实验的发展及分类

2一、医学机能学实验的发展

2二、医学机能学实验研究的层次和实验类型

3第二节?

医学机能学实验室的基本规范及安全守则

4一、实验课要求

4二、实验室基本规范及安全守则

5第三节?

医学机能学实验常用试剂的配制

6一、生理盐水（normal

saline，NS）

6二、任氏液（Ringer’s

solution）

6三、台氏液（Tyrode’s

solution）

6第四节?

医学机能学实验报告的格式及写作要求

7一、一般要求

7二、实验报告的基本格式

7第五节?

医学机能学实验病例讨论

9一、病例讨论在教学中的实施

9二、病例讨论的基本步骤

10三、病例讨论的要点

10四、病例讨论示例

11第二章?

医学机能学实验中的动物实验

13第一节?

实验动物的分类及选择

13一、实验动物的分类

13二、实验动物的选择

14三、机能学实验常用的实验动物

15第二节?

医学机能学动物实验的基本操作

17一、两栖类动物实验基本操作技能

17二、啮齿类动物实验基本操作技能

18三、哺乳类动物实验基本操作技能

23第三节?

实验动物福利与动物实验伦理

25一、概述

25二、实验动物福利

26三、动物实验的“3R”原则

26四、动物实验的伦理审查

27第四节?

BL-420生物数据采集和分析系统简介

27一、BL-420系统概述

27二、BL-420系统原理

28三、BL-420F软件工具条介绍

28第五节?

医学机能学经典动物实验

40实验一?

坐骨神经-腓肠肌标本制备

40实验二?

刺激强度对肌肉收缩的影响

43实验三?

刺激频率对肌肉收缩的影响

45实验四?

神经干动作电位的引导

46实验五?

蛙心起搏点观察

49实验六?

期前收缩和代偿间隙

51实验七?

呼吸运动的调节

53实验八?

心血管系统活动的调节

56实验九?

消化道平滑肌的生理特性

58实验十?

影响尿生成的因素

60实验十一?

反射弧分析

62实验十二?

缺氧模型制备与观察

64实验十三?

影响缺氧耐受性的因素

66实验十四?

高钾血症及其解救

68实验十五?

肠缺血再灌注损伤

70实验十六?

失血性休克

72实验十七?

急性右心衰竭

74实验十八?

呼吸衰竭

75实验十九?

氨在肝性脑病发病机制中的作用

77实验二十?

不同给药途径对药物作用的影响

78实验二十一?

药物的量效关系

79实验二十二?

肝功能对戊巴比妥钠催眠作用的影响

81实验二十三?

传出神经系统药物对动脉血压的影响

82实验二十四?

地西泮对抗中枢兴奋药的致惊厥作用

84实验二十五?

利多卡因的抗心律失常作用

85第三章?

医学机能学实验中的人体实验

87第一节?

WebChart-400人体生理实验系统介绍

87一、系统主界面

87二、实验项目界面

87第二节?

医学机能学经典人体实验

90实验一?

ABO血型鉴定

90实验二?

动脉血压测定

92实验三?

心音听诊

94实验四?

心电图检测

96实验五?

人体呼吸运动的记录

99实验六?

视力测定

101实验七?

盲点检查

102实验八?

视野测定

104实验九?

色盲检测

105实验十?

声音的传导方式

107实验十一?

膝跳反射的引导和观察

109实验十二?

人类听觉和视觉反应

111第四章?

医学机能学实验研究

113第一节?

医学实验研究的基本原理

113一、医学实验研究方法与实验设计

113二、实验设计的一般规则

113三、实验设计的基本要点

116第二节?

研究论文的撰写及发表

117一、研究论文的基本结构

117二、在期刊上发表论文

120第三节?

医学机能学实验设计与实施

122一、实验设计报告（实验前报告）的格式

122二、完整实验报告（实验后报告）的格式

123三、期刊论文形式的实验报告格式

123附录1?

经典生理学实验报告样例

124附录2?

实验设计报告样例

126附录3?

实验设计正式报告样例

129附录4?

CO发生装置及相关机制

134附录5?

小鼠耗氧量测定

135附录6?

哺乳类动物实验基本操作技能

136附录7?

BL-420N生物信号采集与分析系统简介

138附录8?

HPS-102人体生理实验系统介绍

146Chapter

I?Introduction

to

Medical

Functional

Experiment

150Section

1?The

Development

and

Basic

Types

of

Medical

Functional

Experiment

1511．

The

development

of

medical

functional

experiment

1512．

Basic

level

and

types

of

medical

functional

experiment

153Section

2?The

Basic

Code

and

Safety

Rules

of

the

Functional

Laboratory

1541．

Requirements

of

experimental

class

1542．

Laboratory

code

and

safety

guideline

155Section

3?Preparation

of

Common

Reagents

for

Medical

Functional

Experiment

1561．

Normal

saline

1562．

Ringer’s

solution

1573．

Tyrode’s

solution

157Section

4?Formats

and

Requirements

of

Medical

Functional

Experiment

Reports

1581．

General

requirements

1582．

Basic

format

of

experiment

reports

158Section

5?Clinical

Case

Discussion

in

Medical

Functional

Experiment

1601．

Basic

steps

for

case

discussion

in

medical

functional

experiment

1612．

The

main

principles

followed

in

case

discussion

1623．

Example

of

case

discussion

162Chapter

II?Animal

Experiments

in

Medical

Functional

Experiment

164Section

1?The

Classification

and

Selection

of

Laboratory

Animals

1641．

Classification

of

laboratory

animals

1642．

Selection

of

laboratory

animals

1653．

Laboratory

animals

commonly

used

in

functional

experiments

166Section

2?Basic

Operating

Techniques

of

Medical

Functional

Animal

Experiment

1691．

Basic

operating

techniques

of

amphibians

experiment

1692．

Basic

operating

techniques

of

rodents

experiment

1703．

Basic

operating

techniques

of

mammals

experiment

177Section

3?Welfare

of

Laboratory

Animals

and

Ethics

of

Animal

Experiment

1801．

Introduction

1802．

The

welfare

of

laboratory

animals

1813．

Principles

of

3R

in

animal

experiment

1814．

The

ethical

review

of

animal

experiment

182Section

Introduction

to

BL-420

Biological

Data

Acquisition

and

Analysis

Systems

1821．

Overview

of

BL-420

system

1822．

Principle

of

BL-420

system

1833．

Introduction

to

BL-420F

software

tool

bar

184Section

5?Classical

Animal

Experiments

in

Medical

Functional

Experiment

197Experiment

1?Sciatic-gastrocnemius

preparation

197Experiment

2?The

effects

of

stimulation

intensity

on

muscle

contraction

200Experiment

3?The

effects

of

stimulation

frequency

on

muscle

contraction

202Experiment

4?Induction

of

the

compound

AP

of

nerve

trunk

204Experiment

5?Observation

of

the

cardiac

pacemaker

of

a

frog

207Experiment

6?Extrasystole

and

compensatory

pause

of

the

frog

heart

209Experiment

7?Regulation

of

respiration

movement

211Experiment

8?Regulation

of

cardiovascular

system

activities

214Experiment

9?Physiological

properties

of

smooth

muscle

of

digestive

tract

217Experiment

10?Factors

affecting

urine

formation

219Experiment

11?The

analysis

of

reflex

arc

222Experiment

12?Preparation

and

observation

of

hypoxia

model

223Experiment

13?Factors

affecting

hypoxic

tolerance

226Experiment

14?Hyperkalemia

and

its

rescue

228Experiment

15?Ischemia

reperfusion

injury

in

intestines

230Experiment

16?Hemorrhagic

shock

232Experiment

17?Acute

right

heart

failure

234Experiment

18?Respiratory

failure

236Experiment

The

role

of

ammonia

in

the

pathogenesis

of

hepatic

encephalopathy

238Experiment

20?Influence

of

administration

route

on

drug

action

240Experiment

21?Dose-effect

relationship

of

drugs

241Experiment

Influence

of

hepatic

function

on

the

hypnotic

effect

of

pentobarbital

sodium

243Experiment

Effect

of

drugs

affecting

the

autonomic

nervous

system

on

blood

pressure

244Experiment

The

effect

of

diazepam

on

convulsion

induced

by

central

stimulants

246Experiment

25?Antiarrhythmic

effects

of

lidocaine

247Chapter

III?Human

Experiments

in

Medical

Functional

Experiment

249Section

1?Introduction

to

WebChart-400

system

for

human

experiments

2491．

Main

interface

of

the

system

2492．

Experiment

interface

249Section

2?Classical

Human

Experiments

in

Medical

Functional

Experiment

253Experiment

1?Determination

of

ABO

blood

types

253Experiment

2?Measurement

of

blood

pressure

255Experiment

3?Detection

of

heart

sound

257Experiment

4?Recording

of

an

electrocardiogram

259Experiment

5?Recording

of

human

respiratory

movement

262Experiment

6?Examination

of

visual

acuity

265Experiment

7?Examination

of

blind

spot

266Experiment

8?Examination

of

visual

fields

268Experiment

9?Examination

of

color

blindness

270Experiment

10?The

ways

of

sound

conduction

272Experiment

11?Induction

and

observation

of

knee

jerk

reflex

274Experiment

12?Human

auditory

and

visual

responses

276Chapter

IV?Experimental

Research

of

Medical

Functional

Experiment

279Section

1?The

Basic

Principle

of

Medical

Experimental

Research

2791．

Medical

experimental

research

method

and

experimental

design

2792．

General

rules

for

the

experimental

design

2803．

The

basic

key

points

of

the

experimental

design

283Section

2?The

Writing

and

Publication

of

Research

Paper

2841．

Basic

structure

of

scientific

papers

2842．

Publish

scientific

papers

in

journals

288Section

Experimental

Design

and

Implementation

in

Medical

Functional

Experiment

2911．

The

format

of

the

experimental

design

report/pre-lab

report

2912．

The

format

of

a

full

experimental

report

2913．

The

format

of

experimental

report

in

form

of

journal

published

paper

292Appendix

1?An

example

of

a

typical

physiology

experimental

report

293Appendix

2?An

example

of

physiological

experimental

design

295Appendix

3?An

example

of

a

full

Lab

report

298Appendix

4?CO

generator

device

and

related

mechanism

305Appendix

5?Measurement

of

oxygen

consumption

in

mice

306Appendix

6?Basic

technique

for

mammal

experiments

307Appendix

Brief

introduction

to

BL-420N

data

acquisiton

and

analysis

system

309Appendix

An

introduction

to

HPS-102

human

physiology

experimental

system

318参考文献