欧洲文化概况

CHAPTER 1ANCIENT GREECE AND THE HELLENISTIC AGE

Introduction

Part IThe history of Greece

1The predecessors of the Greeks

2The Greeks arrive

3The Hellenistic Age （338-30 BC）

Part 2 Religion， politics， and daily life

4Greek religion

5The early development of politics

6Society and education

Part 3 Literature and historical writing

7Early Greek literature

8Literature of the Lyric Age （700-490 BC）

9Drama in the ClassicalAge

10Literature in the Hellenistic Age

11Historical writing

Part 4 The arts

12Architecture

13Sculpture

14Pottery

15Music

Part 5 Philosophy and science

16Philosophy and science from the seventh to the third century BC

17Science in the Hellenistic Age

Conclusion

CHAPTER 2 ANCIENT ROME

Introduction

Part IThe history of Rome

1Historical background： Rome from Republic to Empire

Part 2 Society and daily life

2Religion

3The family and education

4Entertainment

Part 3 The arts， law and writing

5The arts

6Roman law

7Roman literature and historical writing

Conclusion

CHAPTER 3 JUDAEO-CHRISTIANITY

Introduction

Part IThe history of the Jews and of early Christianity

1The Hebrews and the creation of Israel

2Jews in the Hellenistic Age

3Jesus and the first Christians

4From persecution to state religion

5Establishing the Christian church

6Early church debates and disputes

7Monasticism

Part 2 The Bibe-The Old Testament

8The Creation and the Law of Moses

9The history of Israel

10Wisdom， unhappiness and poetry

11Protest and prophecy

Part 3 The Bible-The New Testament

12The texts of the New Testament

13The nature of the New Testament

14The life and teaching of Jesus as shown in the Gospels

15The Acts of the Apostles， the teaching of Paul and early letters

16The Book of Revelation

Part 4 Perspectives on Judaism and Christianity

17Historical aspects of Judaism and Christianity

Conclusion

CHAPTER 4 THE MIDDLE AGES

Introduction

Part IThe Early Middle Ages from 500 to 1000 AD

1The collapse of the Roman Empire in the west

2The growth of order

3The early medieval population and the medieval world view

4Learning and literature

5Charlemagne and the restoration of learning

Part 2 The Late Middle Ages——new social organisation，

chivalry and the crusades

6The new social organisation of the tenth to the thirteenth

centuries

7Chivalry

8The crusades

Part 3 The Late Middle Ages——intellectual change and controversy

9Social change and the growth of law

10Intellectual controversy-faith or reason？

11The church strengthens its authority

12The church and the state in dispute

Part 4 The Late Middle Ages——the arts and science

13Architecture and art

14Literature

15Music

16Science

Conclusion

CHAPTER 5 THE RENAISSANCE AND THE REFORMATION

Introduction

Part IThe Renaissance

1The Renaissance in Italy

2Humanist writers

3Rationalism and its effect

4The arts

5Plants and gardens

6Music

7Science and technology

8Exploration of the world

Part 2 The Renaissance in countries other than Italy

9France

10England

11Spain

12Germany

13Northwest Europe

Part 3 The Reformation

14The history of the division of the church

15 The historical context of the Reformation

16Martin Luther and the Reformation

17The Reformation elsewhere than in Germany

18The Counter-Reformation in the mid-sixteenth century

Conclusion

CHAPTER 6 THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY

Introduction

Part 1Historical background-raligion， trade， governance

1Religion

2Trade and the middle class

3Kings， God and taxation

4Struggles for the state——-Absolutism in France

5Struggles for the state——The English Civil War

Part 2 New directions in thought

6Philosophy

Part 3 Science

7The development of science and womens contribution

8From Kepler to Newton

Part 4 The arts and literature

9 The nature of Baroque architecture and art

10Architecture

11Painting and sculpture

12Music

13Literature

Conclusion

CHAPTER 7THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY

Introduction

Part IPolitics and society

1Political development

2Society and its development

Part 2 Enlightenment thinkers

3Thinkers and themes

Part 3 Agriculture， industry and science

4The Agricultural Revolution

5The Industrial Revolution

6Science

Part 4 The arts and literature

7 Architecture

8 Art

9Music

10Literature

Conclusion

CHAPTER 8 THE NINETEENTH CENTURY： 1800-1870

Introduction

Part IEurope from 1795-1870

1Napoleon Bonaparte （1769-1821） and his legacy

2The restoration of monarchies and revolution

3The unification of Italy and Germany and the Commune

Part 2 Industrialisation： its effect on populations and on thought

4Industrialisation， towns and the organisation of labour

5The effect of industrialisation on thought

Part 3 The Romantic Movement

6The nature of Romanticism

7Romantic Art

Part 4 Realism

8Realism in literature

9Realism in art

Part 5 Architecture， music and science

10Architecture

11Music

12Science

Conclusion

CHAPTER 9EUROPE 1870-1914

CHAPTER 10 EUROPE 1914-2000