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1 Introduction
1.1 Information and information systems
1.2 Problems and challenges in information systems
1.3 Approaches and methods for information systems
development
1.4 MEASUR: a semiotic approach to information systems
1.5 About this book
Part one Semiotic framework and methods
2 Understanding semiotics
2.1 Signs and their functions
2.2 Semiosis and learning
2.3 Semiotics in computing
2.4 Semiotics in organisations and information systems
3 A semiotic framework for information systems
3.1 Philosophical stance
3.1.10bjectivist paradigm
3.1.2 Subjectivist paradigm
3.1.3 Radical subjectivist paradigm
3.2 The semiotic framework
3.2.1 Physics
3.2.2 Empirics
3.2.3 Syntactics
3.2.4 Semantics
3.2.5 Pragmatics
3.2.6 The social level
3.3 An example of semiotic analysis
4 A semiotic approach to information systems development
4.1 MEASUR
4.2 How MEASUR can help in information systems
development
4.2.1 Infrastructure analysis
4.2.2 Systems analysis, design and implementation
4.3 Summary
5 Knowledge representation and information analysis
5.1 Some basic considerations in knowledge representation
5.1.1 Expressive adequacy and notional efficiency
5.1.2 Semantic primitives
5.t.3 Types of knowledge
5.2 Representation approaches
5.2.1 Typical examples
5.2.2 Conceptual graphs
5.3 Some fundamental issues of information analysis
5.4 The role of information analysis
Semantic Analysis
6.1 Theoretical aspects of Semantic Analysis
6.1.1 Affordances
6.1.2 Ontology and some other fundamental notions
6.2 NORMA
6.2.1 Well-formed formula
6.2.2 Affordance and ontological dependency
6.2.3 Semiotic behaviour
6.2.4 Time
6.2.5 Determiner and identity
6.2.6 Generic-specific relationship
6.2.7 Defining authority and responsibility
6.2.8 Graphic representation - ontology chart
6.3 Using LEGOL to specify Norms
6.4 Conducting a Semantic Analysis
6.4.1 Understand the problem domain
6.4.2 Generating candidate affordances
6.4.3 Candidate grouping
6.4.4 Ontology charting
6.4.5 Norm Analysis
6.5 Commentary on Semantic Analysis
Pragmatics and communication
7.1 Human communication
7.2 Other approaches to communication
7.2.1 Speech Act Theory
7.2.2 Functional approach
7.2.3 Deontic logic for communication
7.3 Pragmatic aspect of human communication
7.4 The Norm Analysis method
7.4.1 The concept of norms
7.4.2 Norms in business organisations
7.4.3 Norm Analysis
7.4.4 Norms in computer systems
8 The social layer: modelling organisations as information
systems
8.10rganisations as information systems
8.2 The notion of responsibility
8.3 An organisational morphology
8.4 Modelling the organisation
8.5 Summary: requirements for an effective information
modelling method
Part two Applications
9 From semiotic analysis to systems design
9.1 The semantic aspect of databases
9.2 Capturing the semantic aspect
9.3 Capturing the time aspect
9.4 Ontological modelling for conceptualisation
9.5 Intentions, propositional attitudes and consequent
operations
9.6 Other aspects of databases: facts, beliefs, and
knowledge
10 Semantic temporal databases
10.1 Databases
10.1.1 Developments in database management syster
10.1.2 Semantic temporal databases
10.2 The semantic templates
10.2.1 Defining a semantic template
10.2.2 ST for database design
10.3 Systems construction
10.4 LEGOL
10.4.1 Basic syntactic structure
10.4.2 Some important operations
11 Normbase: a new approach to information management
11.1 The Normbase concept
'11.2 The Normbase system
11.2.1 The Normbase engine
11.2.2 The semantic temporal database
11.2.3 The norm store
11.3 Information management with the Normbase system
11.4 Using semiotic methods with other approaches
11.4. ! Relational database for implementation
11.4.2 Object-oriented methods for design and implementation
12 Case study: development of a land resources information system
12.1 Background
12.2 Semantic Analysis for requirements modelling
12.3 Norm Analysis
12.4 System design and implementation in the Normbase approach
12.5 Discussions and conclusions
13 Case study: development of a test construction system
13.1 Background
13.1.1 CONTEST project
13.1.2 User requirements
13.1.3 Why choose Semantic Analysis?
13.2 System analysis
13.3 System design
13.4 System construction
13.5 Discussion and conclusions
Appendix A Semantic templates and surrogate specification
A.1 Definition of ST
A.2 Examples of using ST in discourse modelling
A.3 Examples of surrogates
Appendix B LEGOL applications in the CRIS case
B.1 Questions and LEGOL statements
B.2 Output from the Normbase
Bibliography
Index
