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PREFACE
ABOUT THE AUTH口RS
1 INTRODUCTl0N
1.1 GeneraI
1.2 Pollution and Environmental Problems
1.3 Waste Disposal
1.4 Risk
1.5 Energy
1.6 Population
1.7 The Scope of Chemistry of the EnVironment
Additional Readinq
2 ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITl0N AND BEHAVl0R
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Gaseous Constituents of the Atmosphere
2.3 History of the Atmosphere
2.3.1 Evidence and General Theory
2.3.2 Carbon Dioxide
2.3.3 Nitrogen
2.3.4 Oxygen
2.4 Particulate Constituents of the Atmosphere
2.5 Extent of the Atmosphere and Its Temperature and Pressure Profile
2.6 Generaf Circulation of the Atmosphere
2.7 Conclusion
AdditionaI Reading
Exercises
3 ENERGY AND CUMATE
3.1 Energy Balance of the Earth
3.1.1 Incoming Radiation from the Sun
3.1.2 The Greenhouse Effect
3.1.3 0ther Factors
3.2 Climate History of the Earth
3.3 Causes of Global Climate Changes
3.3.1 General Comments
3.3.2 The Milankovitch Theory of Earth's 0rbital Variations
3.3.3 Greenhouse Effect Changes
3.3.4 Albedo Changes
3.3.5 Computer Models
3.4 Small.Scale Climate
3.5 Temperature 1nversions
3.6 C0ncIusions
Additional Reading
Exercises
4 PRINClPLES OF PHOYOCl4EMISTRY
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Electromagnetic Radiation
……
5 ATMOSPHERIC PHOTOCHEMISTRY
6 PETROLEUM,HYDROCARBONS,AND COAL
7 SOAPS,SYNTHETIC SURFACTANTS,AND POLYMERS
8 HALOORGANICS AND PESTICIDES
9 CHEMISTRY IN AQUEOUS MEDIA
10 THE ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY OF SOME IMPORTANT ELEMENTS
11 WATER SYSTEMS AND WATER TREATMENT
12 THE EARTH'S CRUST
13 PROPERTIES AND REACTIONS OF ATOMIC NUCLEI,RADIOACTIVITY,AND IONIZING RADIATION
14 THE NUCLEAR ENVIRONMENT
15 ENERGY
16 SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL AND RECYCLING
APPENDIX A DESIGNATION OF SPECTROSCOPIC STATES
APPENDIX B THORIUM AND ACTIUM SERIES
APPENDIX C UNITS
APPENDIX D SYMBOLS AND APPREVIATIONS
INDEX
