计算机网络与因特网：英文版

Preface

Chapter 1 Introduction

1.1 Growth Of Computer Networking

1.2 Complexity In Network Systems

1.3 Mastering The Complexity

1.4 Concepts And Terminology

1.5 Organization Of The Text

1.6 Summary

Chapter 2 Motivation And Tools

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Resource Sharing

2.3 Growth Of The Internet

2.4 Probing The Internet

2.5 Interpreting A Ping Response

2.6 Tracing A Route

2.7 Summary

Chapter 3 Network Programming And Applications

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Network Communication

3.3 Client-Server Computing

3.4 Communication Paradigm

3.5 An Example Application Program Interface

3.6 An Intuitive Look At The API

3.7 Definition Of The API

3.8 Code For An Echo Application

3.9 Code For A Chat Application

3.10 Code For A Web Application

3.11 Summary

PART 1 Data Transmission

Chapter 4 Transmission Media

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Copper Wires

4.3 Glass Fibers

4.4 Radio

4.5 Satellites

4.6 Geosynchronous Satellites

4.7 Low Earth Orbit Satellites

4.8 Low Earth Orbit Satellite Arrays

4.9 Microwave

4.10 Infrared

4.11 Light From A Laser

4.12 Summary

Chapter 5 Local Asynchronous Communication (RS-232)

5.1 Introduction

5.2 The Need For Asynchronous Communication

5.3 Using Electric Current To Send Bits

5.4 Standards For Communication

5.5 Baud Rate, Framing, And Errors

5.6 Full Duplex Asynchronous Communication

5.7 Limitations Of Real Hardware

5.8 Hardware Bandwidth And The Transmission Of Bits

5.9 The Effect Of Noise On Communication

5.10 Significance For Data Networking

5.11 Summary

Chapter 6 Long-Distance Communication (Carriers, Modulation, And Modems)

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Sending Signals Across Long Distances

6.3 Modem Hardware Used For Modulation And Demodulation

6.4 Leased Analog Data Circuits

6.5 Optical, Radio Frequency, And Dialup Modems

6.6 Carrier Frequencies And Multiplexing

6.7 Baseband And Broadband Technologies

6.8 Wave Division Multiplexing

6.9 Spread Spectrum

6.10 Time Division Multiplexing

6.11 Summary

PART 11 Packet Transmission

Chapter 7 Packets, Frames, And Error Detection

7.1 Introduction

7.2 The Concept Of Packets

7.3 Packets And Time-Division Multiplexing

7.4 Packets And Hardware Frames

7.5 Byte Stuffing

7.6 Transmission Errors

7.7 Parity Bits And Parity Checking

7.8 Probability Mathematics And Error Detection

7.9 Detecting Errors With Checksums

7.10 Detecting Errors With Cyclic Redundancy Checks

7.11 Combining Building Blocks

7.12 Burst Errors

7.13 Frame Format And Error Detection Mechanisms

7.14 Summary

Chapter 8 LAN Technologies And Network Topology

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Direct Point-to-Point Communication

8.3 Shared Communication Channels

8.4 Significance Of LANs And Locality Of Reference

8.5 IAN Topologies

8.6 Example Bus Network: Ethernet

8.7 Carrier Sense On Multi-Access Networks (CSMA)

8.8 Collision Detection And Backoff With CSMA/CD

8.9 802.11 Wireless LANs And CSMA/CA

8.10 Another Example Bus Network: LocalTalk

8.11 Example Ring Network: IBM Token Ring

8.12 Another Example Ring Network: FDDI

8.13 Example Star Network: ATM

8.14 Summary

Chapter 9 Hardware Addressing And Frame Type Identification

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Specifying A Recipient

9.3 How LAN Hardware Uses Addresses To Filter Packets

9.4 Format Of A Physical Address

9.5 Broadcasting

9.6 Multicasting

9.7 Multicast Addressing

9.8 Identifying Packet Contents

9.9 Frame Headers And Frame Format

9.10 An Example Frame Format

9.11 Using Networks That Do Not Have Self-Identifying Frames

9.I2 Network Analyzers, Physical Addresses, Frame Types

9.13 Summary

9.14 Ethernet Address Assignment

Chapter 10 LAN Wiring, Physical Topology, And Interface Hardware

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Speeds Of IANs And Computers

10.3 Network Interface Hardware

10.4 The Connection Between A NIC And A Network

10.5 Original Thick Ethernet Wiring

10.6 Connection Multiplexing

10.7 Thin Ethernet Wiring

10.8 Twisted Pair Ethernet

10.9 Advantages And Disadvantages Of Wiring Schemes

10.10 The Topology Paradox

10.11 Network Interface Cards And Wiring Schemes

10.12 Wiring Schemes And Other Network Technologies

10.13 Summary

Chapter 11 Extending LANs: Fiber Modems, Repeaters, Bridges, and Switches

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Distance Limitation And IAN Design

11.3 Fiber Optic Extensions

11.4 Repeaters

11.5 Bridges

11.6 Frame Filtering

11.7 Startup And Steady State Behavior Of Bridged Networks

11.8 Planning A Bridged Network

11.9 Bridging Between Buildings

11.10 Bridging Across Longer Distances

11.11 A Cycle Of Bridges

I1.I2 Distributed Spanning Tree

11.13 Switching

I1.14 Combining Switches And Hubs

11.15 Bridging And Switching With Other Technologies

11.16 Summary

Chapter 12 Long-Distance Digital Connection Technologies

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Digital Telephony

12.3 Synchronous Communication

12.4 Digital Circuits And DSU/CSUs

12.5 Telephone Standards

12.6 DS Terminology And Data Rates

12.7 Lower Capacity Circuits

12.8 Intermediate Capacity Digital Circuits

12.9 Highest Capacity Circuits

12.10 Optical Carrier Standards

12.11 The C Suffix

12.12 Synchronous Optical Network (SONET)

12.13 The Local Subscriber Loop

12.14 ISDN

12.15 Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line Technology

12.16 Other DSL Technologies

12.17 Cable Modem Technology

12.18 Upstream Communication

12.19 Hybrid Fiber Coax

12.20 Fiber To The Curb

12.21 Alternatives For Special Cases

12.22 Broadcast Satellite Systems

12.23 Summary

Chapter 13 WAN Technologies And Routing

13.1 Introduction

13.2 Large Networks And Wide Areas

13.3 Packet Switches

13.4 Forming A WAN

13.5 Store And Forward

13.6 Physical Addressing In A WAN

13.7 Next-Hop Forwarding

13.8 Source Independence

13.9 Relationship Of Hierarchical Addresses To Routing

13.10 Routing In A WAN

13.11 Use Of Default Routes

13.12 Routing Table Computation

13.13 Shortest Path Computation In A Graph

13.14 Distributed Route Computation

13.15 Distance Vector Routing

13.16 Link-State Routing (SPF)

13.17 Example WAN Technologies

13.18 Summary

Chapter 14 Connection-Oriented Networking And ATM

14.1 Introduction

14.2 A Single, Global Network

14.3 ISDN And ATM

14.4 ATM Design And Cells

14.5 Connection-Oriented Service

14.6 VPI/VCI

14.7 Labels And Label Switching

14.8 An Example Trip Through An ATM Network

14.9 Permanent Virtual Circuits

14.10 Switched Virtual Circuits

14.11 Quality Of Service

14.12 The Motivation For Cells And label Switching

14.13 ATM Data Transmission And AAL5

14.14 Critique Of ATM

14.15 Summary

Chapter 15 Network Characteristics: Ownership, Service Paradigm, And Performance

15.1 Introduction

15.2 Network Ownership

15.3 Privacy And Public Networks

15.4 Advantages And Disadvantages

15.5 Virtual Private Networks

15.6 Guaranteeing Absolute Privacy

15.7 Service Paradigm

15.8 Connection-Oriented Service Paradigm

15.9 Connectionless Service Paradigm

15.10 Interior And Exterior Service Paradigms

15.11 Comparison Of Service Paradigms

15.12 Examples Of Service Paradigms

15.13 Addresses And Connection Identifiers

15.14 Network Performance Characteristics

15.15 Jitter

15.16 Summary

Chapter 16 Protocols And Layering

16.1 Introduction

16.2 The Need For Protocols

16.3 Protocol Suites

16.4 A Plan For Protocol Design

16.5 The Seven Layers

16.6 Stacks: Layered Software

16.7 How Layered Software Works

16.8 Multiple, Nested Headers

16.9 The Scientific Basis For Layering

16.10 Techniques Protocols Use

16.11 The Art Of Protocol Design

16.12 Summary

PART III Internetworking

Chapter 17 Internetworking: Concepts, Architecture, and Protocols

17.1 Introduction

17.2 The Motivation For Internetworking

17.3 The Concept Of Universal Service

17.4 Universal Service In A Heterogeneous World

17.5 Internetworking

17.6 Physical Network Connection With Routers

17.7 Internet Architecture

17.8 Achieving Universal Service

17.9 A Virtual Network

17.10 Protocols For Internetworking

17.11 Significance Of Internetworking And TCP/IP

17.12 Layering And TCP/IP Protocols

17.13 Host Computers, Routers, And Protocol Layers

17.14 Summary

Chapter 18 IP: Internet Protocol Addresses

18.1 Introduction

18.2 Addresses For The Virtual Internet

18.3 The IP Addressing Scheme

18.4 The IP Address Hierarchy

18.5 Original Classes Of IP Addresses

18.6 Computing The Class Of An Address

18.7 Dotted Decimal Notation

18.8 Classes And Dotted Decimal Notation

18.9 Division Of The Address Space

18.10 Authority For Addresses

18.11 A Classful Addressing Example

18.12 Subnet And Classless Addressing

18.13 Address Masks

18.14 CIDR Notation

18.15 A CIDR Address Block Example

18.16 CIDE Host Addresses

18.17 Special IP Addresses

18.18 Summary Of Special IP Addresses

18.19 The Berkeley Broadcast Address Form

18.20 Routers And The IP Addressing Principle

18.21 Multi-Homed Hosts

18.22 Summary

Chapter19 Binding Protocol Addresses (ARP)

19.1 Introduction

19.2 Protocol Addresses And Packet Delivery

19.3 Address Resolution

19.4 Address Resolution Techniques

19.5 Address Resolution With Table Lookup

19.6 Address Resolution With Closed-Form Computation

19.7 Address Resolution With Message Exchange

19.8 Address Resolution Protocol

19.9 ARP Message Delivery

19.10 ARP Message Format