英语高级写作：论说文入门

Chpter One

　Introducing Theories

　　1.1 Two Theoretical Sources

　　1.2 Stephen Toulmin’S Theory

　　1.3 Carl Rogers’Theory.

　Tasks.

　Critical thinking activities

　　A.The Pattern of an Argument：Data and Warrants(Excerpts)

　　B.Communication：Its Blocking and Its Facilitation.

Chpter Two

　Basic Concepts.

　　2.1 Defining Argumentation and Argument

　　2.2 Argumentation and Communication

　　2.3 Argumentation and Persuasion

　　2.4 Argumentation and Explanation

　　2.5 Work Ethic for Argumentation

　Tasks，

　I.Critical thinking activities

　　A.Where Is Argument?

　　B.Argumentation，Speaker and Audience(Excerpts)

　　C.Persusasion(Excerpts)

　II.Writing tasks.

　　A.Freeway Sparks Development Dilemma

　　B.China Finds Its Shangri.La in Tourism

Chpter three

　Definition (1)

　　3.1 Defining Definition

　　3.2 The Need for a Proper Definition in Argumentation

　　3.3 Functions of Definition

　Tasks

　I. Critical thinking activities:

　　A. Choice, Presence, and Presentation

　　B. Persuasive Definition (Excerpts)

　Ⅱ. Writing tasks:

　　A. Text of Bush's Speech

　　B. On Freedom

Chpter Four

　Definition (2)

　　4.1 The Basic Structure of a Definition

　　4.2 First-level Definition

　　4.3 Common Ways of First-level Defining

　　4.4 Second-level Elaboration

　Tasks

　I. Critical thinking activities:

　　A. Marriage

　　B. Defining Abortion Is a Tricky Business

　II. Writing tasks:

　　A. Selection from Plato's Phaedra

　　B. "Equal" Does Not Mean "Same".

　　C. Gay Marriage and the Right to Vote

Chpter Five

　Claims

　　5.1 The Nature of a Claim

　　5.2 The Function of a Claim

　　5.3 The Structure of a Claim

　Tasks

　I. Critical thinking activities:

　　A. Fact and Value (Excerpts)

　　B. Bush, Kerry Trade Barbs Over Jobs

　II. Writing tasks:

　　A. Ten Reasons Not to Hit Your Kids

　　B. Stephen Ambrose and the Rights of Passage .

　　C. Should Stephen Ambrose Be Pardoned?

Chpter Six

　Claims of Fact

　　6.1 Defining a Claim of Fact

　　6.2 Presenting Facts in a Claim of Fact

　　6.3 Relativity of Certainty in a Claim of Fact

　　6.4 Supporting a Claim of Fact

　　6.5 Challenging a Claim of Fact

　　6.6 A Case Study

　Tasks

　I. Critical thinking activities:

　　A. Truth and Power (Excerpts)

　　B. Leader: Show Us the Proof

　II. Writing tasks:

　　A. Loving the Little Emperor

　　B. Little Emperors, Little Brats

Chpter Seven

　Claims of Value

　　7.1 Defining a Claim of Value

　　7.2 Supporting a Claim of Value

　　7.3 Challenging a Claim of Value

　Tasks

　I. Critical thinking activities:

　　A. Is Ethics a Science? (Excerpts)

　　B. What Is Noble? (Excerpts)

　II. Writing tasks:

　　A. Assisted Suicide: The Philosophers' Brief

　　B. Last Rights

　　C. In Response to Assisted Suicide: The Philosophers'Brief

Chpter Eight

　Claims of Policy

　　8.1 Defining a Claim of Policy

　　8.2 Establishing a Problem

　　8.3 Matching the Problem with the Course of Action

　Tasks

　I. Critical thinking activities:

　　The Analysis of the Problem (Excerpts)

　II. Writing tasks:

　　A. What We Owe to Parents (Excerpts)

　　B. A Right to Care

　　C. Worst of Both Worlds Nine

Chpter Nine

　Support

　　9.1 Defining Support

　　9.2 Evidential Support

　　9.3 Motivational Support

　　9.4 Measuring the Strength of Support

　Tasks

　I. Critical thinking activities:Field Dependence (Excerpts)

　II. Writing tasks:

　　A. The Answer to Terrorism? Colonialism

　　B. Freedom in a Time of Terrorism

　　C. John Kerry's Speech to the National Congress of the American Indians

Cltpter Ten

　　10.1 Quoting for a Purpose

　　10.2 Factors That Constrain Quoting

　　10.3 Ways of Quoting

　　10.4 System of Quotation

　Tasks

　I. Critical thinking activities:

　　Fullness of Argumentation

　II. Writing tasks:

　　A. Whatever Happened to the University?

　　B. A Proposal to Abolish Grading

Chpter Eleven

　Warrant

　　11.1 Defining Warrant

　　11.2 Types of Warrants

　Tasks

　I. Critical thinking activities:

　　A. The Ideological Problem of Social Science (Excerpts)

　　B. The Notion of Formal Validity (Excerpts)

　II. Writing tasks:

　　A. Teach Them the Real America

　　B. In Defense of Multiculturalism

　　C. Against Multiculturalism

　　D. The Bottom of Multiculturalism's Barrel

Chpter Twelve

　Congluding Remarks. Critical Reading

　　12.1 Critical Reading

　　12.2 A Critical Approach

A Sample Task for the Final Examination .

Worksheet for Argumentation

Main References

Essential Glossary of Argument

Common Fallacies