汉英翻译与跨语认知

汉英翻译与跨语认知
作 者: 刘华文
出版社: 南京大学出版社
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版权说明: 本书为公共版权或经版权方授权,请支持正版图书
标 签: 翻译
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作者简介

  刘华文,1968年3月出生,山东嘉祥人。南京大学外国语学院副教授、翻译学博士、硕士生导师,江苏省翻译协会理事。专著有《汉诗英译的主体审美论》,在Meta、《中国翻译》、《中国外语》、《翻译学报》等学术期刊上发表论文二十余篇,译著多部,曾任《新时代英汉大词典》编委。研究方向有认知与翻译、基于翻译的英汉对比语言学、翻译的语言哲学研究、诗歌翻译、双语词典学等。

内容简介

本书第一章论述了不同的语言意义观念在对翻译的认识上的差异。语言的客观主义观念把意义看作存在于语言之外的客观实体,那么翻译则是在目的语中找到源语中的语言符号的客观指涉物。这种意义观只适用于部分语言符号的意义的跨语表述,而大部分的意义产生是非客观性的、甚至是语言使用者临时建构起来的。翻译其实也是一个跨语意义建构过程。但是这个建构过程也不纯粹是源语和目的语之间的结构性关联,或者是所谓的结构主义所倡导的横组合(syntagmatic)和纵聚合(paradigmatic)关系的一种跨语组建。其实,翻译过程中必然会涉及到两种语言的认知结构对同一个意义的概念化呈现,比如图形与背景、视角选取、具体与抽象等的调整。这种跨语的意义重构方式将翻译者视作进行概念化处理(conceptualization)的主体,他或她所实施的即为两种语言间的认知结构的跨语转换,也就是本书所考察和研究的对象。本书第二章从实际的译例分析出发,论述了汉英语际转换的翻译者在翻译中所体现的认知能力。在言语行为中,行为的主体不会纯粹客观地呈现所要表述的对象,一般会在表述之前先对表述对象予以认知加工处理,体现出一定的认知能力。同样,经过对原文和译文对比,译文的认知结构会不同于原文的认知结构,这种认知差异即是翻译主体实施自身的认知能力带来的结果。翻译主体的认知能力体现在其在翻译过程中从情景还原度、前景和背景的选择、叙述视角、抽象度和具体度等认知结构的跨语调整能力。翻译者不会一味地继承原文的认知概念结构,而是根据译入语的认知结构要求,甚至是译者自身的认知识解方式在翻译过程中实施。接下来的第三章主要就原文中的词汇范畴及其在译文中的对应范畴予以对比研究。根据维特根斯坦的家族相似(family resemblance)理论,原文和译文中的对应范畴可以属于同一个范畴家族,它们之间的认知性对等关系的建立并不一定就是基于它们之间的本质相同,只要它们之间存在着一定的相似关系就可以把它们对应起来,而原文范畴朝译文范畴的转化即范畴化转化基本上有两个趋向:图式化(schematization)趋向和具例化(instantiation)趋向。不过,无论采取哪种范畴化趋向都会以原型范畴作为认知转化的参照点。第四章利用概念空间整合对翻译中译文为名词词组的认知转化进行了考察。译者在进行词组层面的翻译时会调动相关两个概念空间,并且以它们之间存在的类空间(generic space)作为基础对...

图书目录

1 Introduction: co-refererice, inter-structure and re-conceptualization in C-E translation

1.1 Introduction

1.2 The co-referential relation in C-E translation

1.3 Inter-structural relations between SL and TL

1.4 Conceptual relations between SL and TL

1.5 Conclusion

2 Cognitive abilities in C-E translation

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Images-raw materials for cognitive event in translation

2.3 Cognitive abilities in C-E translation

2.3.1 Recuperation of scene

2.3.2 Selective readjustment

2.3.3 Perspective shifts

2.3.4 Abstraction

2.4 Summary: iconicity as the principle of mechanism for cognitive abilities

3 Cognitive characteristics of re-categorization in C-E translation

3.1 Re-categorization: a cognitive mechanism in translation

3.2 The cognitive characteristics of re-categorization in C-E translation

3.2.1 The confinedness in re-categorization

3.2.2 The split-levelness in re-categorization

3.2.3 The parasiticness of re-categorization

3.2.4 The bi-directionalness in re-categorization

3.3 Conclusion: translational cognitive re-categorization in the light of linguistic philosophy

4 Semantic construction through space blending in C-E translation

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Space blending: a theoretical account

4.2.1 Space blending theory

4.2.2 Cold dish or cold plate?

4.3 Frame, domain, space, script: parameters in cross-lingual space blending

4.3.1 Frame: a parameter pertaining to the spatial proximity within a scene

4.3.2 Domain: a parameter pertaining to the total knowledge involved and the interrelatedness of its constituents

4.3.3 Script: a parameter pertaining to a temporally sequenced space

4.3.4 Ease: a parameter against which a constituent in a frame, domain or script is profiled

4.4 Conclusion

5 Two levels of cross-lingual metonymic substitution in C-E translation

5.1 Metonymy in cognitive perspective

5.2 Types of metonymy

5.3 Metaphor-metonymy relationship

5.4 Metonymie approaches to C-E translation

5.4.1 Low-level metonymy

5.4.2 High-level metonymy

5.4.3 Metaphtonymy

5.5 Conclusion

6 Re-lexicalization of motion-event in C-E translation

6.1 Introduction: what is re-lexicalization?

6.2 Re-lexicalization patterns in C-E translation: eventualization,event composition and event decomposition

6.3 Principles in opting for re-lexicalization patterns ".

6.4 Eventualization from verb-weak Chinese

6.5 Re-lexicalization of motion event in C-E translation by composition and decomposition

6.5.1 Motion + Co-Event 1t

6.5.2 Conflation of cause Co-Event onto verb

6.5.3 Conflation of path onto verb

6.5.4 Conflation of figure ontoverb

6.5.5 Conflation of result/effect onto verb

6.5.6 Conflation of ground onto verb

6.6 Translators two optional tendencies: verb framing and satellite framing

6.7Conclusion: detection of semantic potentials for cross-linguistic lexicalization

7 Re-matching of verb with construction in C-E translation

7.1 Introduction: verb and construction

7.2 Verb-construction links in C-E translation

7.3 The re-matching of equivalent verb for SL with construction

7.3.1 Full compatibility in verb-construction links

7.3.2 Cognitive motivation for verb-construction integration

7.3.3 The main consequence of verb-construction re-matching in C-E translation: a semantic shift

7.4 Conclusion

8 Inter-constructional correlations in C-E translation

8.1 Introduction

8.1.1 Theoretical prerequisites

8.1.2 Tentative observations

8.2 Constructional productivity in C-E translation

8.2.1 Difference in the degree of constructional productivity between Chinese and English

8.2.2 Productivity of English constructions in C-E translation

8.3 Inter-constructional correlations by metonymic inheritance in C-E translation

8.3.1 Sub-partial links in C-E translation

8.3.2 Componential inheritance of predicative verb and argument role

8.4 Inter-constructional correlations by metaphorical extension in C-E translation

8.4.1 Full extension

8.4.2 Argument role contribution

8.4.3 Argument role annulment

8.5 Inter-constructional transformation in C-E translation

8.6 Conclusion

9 Fictivity and factivity of event re-conceptualization in

C-E translation

9.1 Theoretical framework: factivity and fictivity of cognitive conceptualization

9.2 Path specification and event re-conceptualization in C-E translation

9.2.1 Orientation paths

9.2.2 Radiation paths

9.2.3 Shadow paths

9.2.4 Sensory paths

9.2.5 Pattern paths

10 Semantic orientation,syntactic position and pragmatic function of modifier in C-E translation

References

Subject index

Chinese postscript