需求分析（影印版）

Foreword

Preface

Introduction

CHAPTER 1 A Framewrok for Architecture

The Zachman Framework

The Rows

The Columns

The Architecture Framework

The Analysis Proces

Implications

CHAPTER 2 Managing Projects

Introduction

Summary of Development Phases

About Strategy

Articulation

Definition

About Requirements Analysis

Process One:Define Scope

Process Two:Plan the Process

Process Three:Gather Information

Step1:Conduct Briefing

Step2A:Conduct Interviews

Step2B:Joint Application Deveopment(JAD)and Feedback Sessions

Step3:Obtain Industry Information and Paterns

Step4:Examine Current Systems

Step5:The Deliverable

Process Four:Describe the Enterprise

Step1:Define Data Models(See Chapter 3)

Step2:Define Activity Models(See Chapter 4)

Step3:Define Location Models(See Chapter6)

Step4:Define People and Organization Models(See Chapter 5)

Step5:Define Event and Timing Models(See Chapter 7)

Step6:Define Motivation Models(See Chapter 8)

Step7:Present Models

Step8:Deliverables:Model Descriptions

Process Five:Define What Is Required of a New System

Step1:Restate Project Purpose

Step2:Identify Key Players

Step3:Identify Required Capabilities

Step4:Identify Requirement Constraints

Step5:Identify Non-functional Requirements

Step6:Determine Level of Technology

Step7:Identify Capacity Requirements

Step8:Decide Whether to Make or Buy

Step9:Deliverable:Requirements Statement

Process Six:Determine the Existing Systems Environment

Step1:Define Operating Environment

Step2:Identify Software Environment

Step3:Define Technological Architecture

Step4:Define Operational Procedures

Step5:Identify Existing Capacity

Step6:Deliverable:System Inventory

Process Seven:Plan for Transition

Step1:Begin Reorganization

Step2:Begin Education

Step3:Prepare for Training

Step4:Prepare for Data Conversion

Step5:Prepare for Implementation of Hardware and Software

Step6:Deliverable:Transition Plan

Summary

CHAPTER 3 Column One:Data

Views of Data

A Brief History of Data Architecture

The"Application Approach"to Systems

What Went Wrong?

1.Input's Connections to Output

2.Overlapping Applications

3.Encoding Business in the Programs

The Solution-Version1

Data Management

The Solution-Version2

Advanced Data Management-Meta-data

Graphics-Data Modeling

A Short History

Entity/Relational Modeling

Object Modeling

Object-Role Modeling(ORM)

How to Draw a Data Model

Using Entity/Relationship and Object Models

Business Owners' Views(Row Two)

Architect's View(Row Three)

Designer's View(Row Four)

Normalization

Before Normal Forms

First Normal Form

Second Normal Form

Third Normal Form

Boyce/Codd Normal Form

Fourth Normal Form

Fifth Normal Form

Data Modeling and Normalization

Object-Oriented Design

Referential Integrity

Data Modeling Conventions

Syntactic-Symbols

Positional-The Crow's Foot Rule

Semantic-Data Model Patterns

Entity/Relationship Model Validation

The Requirements Analysis Deliverable-Column One

Entity Types and Relationships,with Narrative

Attributes

Domains

Referential Integrity

Data and the Other Columns

Data and Activities

Data and Locations

Data,People,and Organizations

Data and Timing

Data and Business Rules

Conclusion

CHAPTER 4 Column Two:Activities

From the Business Owners'View to the Architect's View

Approach

Function Hierarchies

Dependency Diagrams

Data Flow Diagrams

"Exploding"Processes

Context Diagram

Physical Data Flow Diagrams

Logical("Essential")Data Flow Diagrams

IDEF0

Syntax

Rules

The UML Activity Diagram

Interaction Diagrams

Use Cases

A Word About Business Process Re-engineering

Business Process Diagrams

Detailed Function and Process Documentation

Structured Natural Language

Action Diagrams

Decision Trees and Decision Tables

Other Hierarchical Techniques

Implications of Analyzing Activities

Implications for Relational Design

Implications for Object-Oriented Design

The Requirements Analysis Deliverable-Column Two

A Comparison of the Techniques

Activities and the Other Columns

Activities and Data

Activities and Locations

Activities and People

Activities and Timing(Events)

Activities and Motivation

CHAPTER 5 Column Four:People and Organizations

How to Organize the Enterprise(Row One)

Row Two:The Business Owner's View

Times Change

A Very Short History of the World

Human Capital

Structural Capital

Customer Captital

Requirements for Knowledge Management

The New Workplace and Knowledge Management

Row Three:The Nature of a(Human)System

A System

Management

A Model of the Viable System-System One

Freedom

System Two:Dampen Waves

System Three:Achieve Synergy

System Four:Opportunities

System Five:System Identity

Extra Communication Channels

Implications of This Model

Information Overload

Jobs

Our Personal Lives

System Use

Requirements Analysis Deliverable-Column Four

People,Organizations,and the Other Columns

People and Data

People and Activities

People and Locations

People and Timing

People and Movivation

CHAPTER 6 Column Three:Locations

Row Two-Geography

Headquarters and Field Offices

Production Network

Distribution Network

Research Network

Customer Locations

The Set of Siftes

Row Three-Network(and the Other Columns)

Column One:Where Are Data Created?Where Are They Used?

Column Two:Which Functions Are Where?

Column Four:Which Roles Are Where?

Column Five:What Events Are Where?

Column Six:Which Business Rules Are Where?

The Requirements Analysis Delverable-Column Three

CHAPTER 7 Column Five:Timing

Introduction

Row One:Scope

Row Two:The Business Owner's View

Schedules

Events and States

State/Transition Diagram

Row Three:The Architect's View

Events and States

Essential Data Flow Diagrams

Entity Life Histories

The Requirements Analysis Deliverable-Cloumn Five

Timing and the Other Columns

Timing and Data

Timing and Activities

Timing and Locations

Timing,People,and Organizations

Timing and Motivation

Conclusion

CHAPTER 8 Columan Six:Motivation

Introduction

Row One:Scope

Row Two:Business Owners'Views

End

Means

Course of Action

Assessment

Discovering Rules

Row Three:Architect's View

Classes of Rules

Quality Criteria

Rule Descriptions

Requirements Analysis Deliverable-Column Six

Row Three:The Architect's View

Events and States

Essential Data Flow Diagrams

Entity Life Histories

The Requirements Analysis Deliverable-Cloumn Five

Timing and the Other Columns

Timing and Data

Timing and Avtivities

Timing and Locations

Timing,People,and Organizations

Timing and Motivation

Conclusion

CHAPTER 8 Column Six:Motivation

Introduction

Row One:Scope

Row Two:Business Owners'Views

End

Means

Course of Action

Assessment

Discovering Rules

Row Three:Architect's View

Classes of Rules

Quality Criteria

Rule Descriptions

Requirements Analysis Deliverable-Column Six

Motication and the Other Columns

Motivation and Data

Motivation and Activities

Motivation and Locations

Motication,People,and Organizations

Motivation and Timing

Conclusion

APPENDIX A The Zachman Framework

APPENDIX B A Comparison of Data Modeling Techniques

APPENDIX C The Business Rules Group Motivation Model

APPENDIX D The Business Rules Group and David C.Hay Modified Motivation Model

Glossary

Bibliography

Index