计算机文化（新版·英文版·第8版）

TABLEOFCONTENTS

ORIENTATION

0-4SectionA:GettingStartedwithYourComputerandBookOnCD

0-4ComputerEquipment

0-5HowtoTurnYourComputerOnandOff

0-6WindowsBasics

0-7MouseBasics

0-9KeyboardBasics

0-11QuickCheckA

0-12SectionB:GettingStartedwithSoftware

0-12HowtoStartSoftware

0-13WindowsControls

0-14CreatingDocuments

0-16BookOnCDSoftwareFeatures

0-17Help

0-17QuickCheckB

0-18SectionC:GettingStartedontheInternetandNewPerspectivesNP8WebSite

0-18InternetandWebBasics

0-18HowtoUseaWebBrowserandSearchEngine

0-20AccessingtheNewPerspectivesNP8WebSite

0-21QuickCheckC

0-22SectionD:CommunicatingwithYourInstructor

0-22WorkingwithE-mail

0-23HowtoTransferTrackingDiskData

0-25QuickCheckD

0-26SectionE:SecurityandPrivacy

0-25SecuringYourComputerandData

0-27AvoidingViruses

0-28PreventingIntrusions

0-29BlockingSpywareandPop-UpAds

0-30ProtectingE-commerceTransactions

0-31AvoidingE-mailscams

0-33ProtectingYourPrivacy

0-33QuickCheckE

CHAPTER1

COMPUTER,INTERNET,WEB,ANDE-MAILBASICS

ONTHEBookOnCD

OperatingaPersonalComputerLab

MakingaDial-upConnectionLab

BrowsingandSearchingLab

UsingE-mailLab

InteractiveReviewActivities

InteractiveFigures

ONTHEWEB

InteractiveOverview,Pre-Assessment,andLearningObjectives

InfoWebLinks

TechTVVideoProject

Projects,StudyTips,andOnlineGames

StudentEditionLabs

4SectionA:ComputerBasics

4AComputerIs...

6ComputerCategories

9PersonalComputerSystems

11Data,Information,andFiles

12ApplicationSoftwareandOperatingSystemBasics

13OuickCheckA

14LAB:OperatingaPersonalComputer

15SectionB:InternetBasics

15InternetResources

18InternetConnections

20InternetServiceProviders

22UserIDsandPasswords

24QuickCheckB

25LAB:MakingaDial-upConnection

26SectionC:WebBasics

26TheWorldWideWeb

28Browsers

31SearchEngines

34QuickCheckC

35LAB:BrowsingandSearching

36SectionD:E-mailBasics

36E-mailOverview

38Netiquette

40E-mailTechnology

42QuickCheckD

43LAB:UsingE-mail

44TechTalk:TheBootProcess

47OuickCheckTechTalk

48Issue:E-mailPrivacy

50ComputersinContext:HomelandSecurity

52ReviewActivities

62InteractiveSummary

54InteractiveKeyTerms

55interactiveSituationQuestions

55InteractivePracticeTests

56ReviewontheWeb

57StudentEditionLabs

CHAPTER2

COMPUTERHARDWARE

ONTHEBookOnCD

WorkingwithBinaryNumbersLab

BenchmarkingLab

InteractiveReviewActivities

InteractiveFigures

ONTHEWEB

InteractiveOverview,Pre-Assessment,andLeamingObjectives

InfoWebLinks

TechTVVideoProject

Projects,StudyTips,andOnlineGames

StudentEditionLabs

60SectionA:DataRepresentationandDigitalElectronics

60DataRepresentation

63QuantifyingBitsandBytes

64DigitalElectronics

66QuickCheckA

67LAB:WorkingwithBinaryNumbers

68SectionB:MicroprocessorsandMemory

68MicroprocessorBasics

69MicroprocessorPerformanceFactors

71Today'sMicroprocessors

72RandomAccessMemory

74Read-OnlyMemory

75CMOSMemory

76QuickCheckB

77LAB:Benchmarking

78SectionC:StorageDevices

78StorageBasics

81FloppyDiskTechnology

83HardDiskTechnology

65TapeStorage

86CDandDVDTechnology

88SolidStateStorage

89QuickCheckC

90SectionD:InputandOutputDevices

90BasicInputDevices

92DisplayDevices

94Printers

96InstallingPeripheralDevices

99QuickCheckD

100TechTalk:HowaMicroprocessorExecutesInstructions

103OuickCheckTechTalk

104Issue:ComputersandtheEnvironment

106ComputersinContext:Military

108ReviewActivities

108InteractiveSummary

110InteractiveKeyTerms

111InteractiveSituationQuestions

111InteractivePracticeTests

112ReviewontheWeb

113StudentEditionLabs

CHAPTER3

COMPUTERSOFTWARE

ONTHEBookOnCD

UsingtheWindowsInterfaceLab

InstallingandUninstallingSoftwareLab

InteractiveReviewActivities

InteractiveFigures

ONTHEWEB

InteractiveOverview,Pre-Assessment,

andLearningObjectives

InfoWebLinks

TechTVVideoProject

Projects,StudyTips,andOnlineGames

StudentEditionLabs

116SectionA:SoftwareBasics

116Software:TheInsideStory

118ProgrammersandProgrammingLanguages

119HowSoftwareWorks

120ApplicationSoftwareandSystemSoftware

121QuickCheckA

122SectionB:ComputerOperatingSystems

122OperatingSystemOverview

126Windows,MacOS,UNIX,Linux,andDOS

130HandholdandTabletOperatingSystems

131QuickCheck'B

132LAB:UsingtheWindowsInterface

133SectionC:ApplicationSoftware

133DocumentProductionSoftware

138SpreadsheetSoftware

141"NumberCrunching"Software

142DatabaseSoftware

145GraphicsSoftware

147MusicSoftware

148VideoEditingSoftware

148SoftwareSuites

149EducationalandReferenceSoftware

150EntertainmentSoftware

151BusinessSoftware

151QuickCheckC

152SectionD:SoftwareInstallationandCopyrights

152InstallationBasics

154InstallingfromDistributionMedia

155InstallingDownloadedSoftware

156UninstallingSoftware

157SoftwareCopyrights

157SoftwareLicenses

159QuickCheckD

160LAB:InstallingandUninstallingSoftware

161TechTalk:TheWindowsRegistry

163OuickCheckTechTalk

164Issue:SoftwarePiracy

166ComputersinContext:Journalism

168ReviewActivities

168InteractiveSummary

170InteractiveKeyTerms

171SoftwareKeyTerms

171InteractiveSituationQuestions

171InteractivePracticeTests

172ReviewontheWeb

173StudentEditionLabs

CHAPTER4

FILEMANAGEMENT,VIRUSPROTECTION,ANDBACKUP

ONTHEBookOnCD

WorkingwithWindowsExplorerLab

BackingUpYourComputerLab

InteractiveReviewActivities

InteractiveFigures

ONTHEWEB

InteractiveOverview,Pre-Assessment,andLearningObjectives

InfoWebLinks

TechTVVideoProject

Projects,StudyTips,andOnlineGames

StudentEditionLabs

176SectionA:FileBasics

176Filenames,Extensions,andFormats

178FileLocations,Folders,andPaths

179FileSizesandDates

179QuickCheckA

180SectionB:FileManagement

180Application-BasedFileManagement

182FileManagementUtilities

183FileManagementMetaphors

184WindowsExplorer

185FileManagementTips

186PhysicalFileStorage

189QuickCheckB

190LAB:WorkingwithWindowsExplorer

191SectionC:ComputerViruses

191Viruses,TrojanHorses,andWorms

196AntivirusSoftware

197VirusHoaxes

198QuickCheckC

199SectionD:DataBackup

199BackupandRestoreProcedures

203Disk,CD,andDVDBackup

204NetworkandInternetBackup

204HardDiskandTapeBackup

206BootandRecoveryDisks

207QuickCheckD

208LAB:BackingUpYourComputer

209TechTalk:FileFormats

213QuickCheckTechTalk

214Issue:ComputerCrime

216ComputersinContext:LawEnforcement

218ReviewActivities

218InteractiveSummary

220InteractiveKeyTerms

221InteractiveSituationQuestions

221InteractivePracticeTests

222ReviewontheWeb

223StudentEditionLabs

CHAPTER5

INTERNETANDLANTECHNOLOGY

ONTHEBookOnCD

TrackingPacketsLab

SecuringYourConnectionLab

InteractiveReviewActivities

InteractiveFigures

ONTHEWEB

InteractiveOverview,Pre-Assessment,andLearningObjectives

InfoWebLinks

TechTVVideoProject

Projects,StudyTips,andOnlineGames

StudentEditionLabs

226SectionA:NetworkBuildingBlocks

226NetworkAdvantagesandChallenges

228NetworkClassifications

228GeographicScope:PANs,NANs,LANs,WANs,andMANs

229OrganizationalStructure:Client/ServerandPeer-to-Peer

230PhysicalTopology

231NetworkLinks

233AnalogandDigitalSignals

234Bandwidth

234CommunicationsProtocols

237QuickCheckA

238SectionB:LocalAreaNetworks

238LANStandards

239Ethernet

241Wi-Fi

243HomePNAandHomePLCNetworks

244InstallingaLAN

245UsingaLAN

245QuickCheckB

246SectionC:internetTechnology

246Background

247InternetStructure

248ISPInfrastructure

249InternetProtocols

250IPAddresses

251DomainNames

253QuickCheckC

254LAB:TrackingPackets

255SectionD:InternetAccess

255Dial-upConnections

258CableModemConnections

260DSL,ISDN,T1,andT3

262DirectSatelliteAccess

263LANInternetAccess

264MobileIntemetAccess

267IntemetConnectionRoundup

267QuickCheckD

268LAB:SecuringYourConnection

269TechTalk:InternetAccessSecurity

271QuickCheckTechTalk

272Issue:FreeWi-Fi

274ComputersinContext:Education

276ReviewActivities

276InteractiveSummary

278InteractiveKeyTerms

279InteractiveSituationQuestions

279InteractivePracticeTests

280ReviewontheWeb

281StudentEditionLabs

CHAPTER6

WEBPAGES,WEBSITES,ANDE-COMMERCE

ONTHEBookOnCD

WorkingwithCookiesLab

BrowserSecuritySettingsLab

InteractiveReviewActivities

InteractiveFigures

ONTHEWEB

InteractiveOverview,Pre-Assessment,andLearningObjectives

InfoWebLinks

TechTVVideoProject

Projects,StudyTips,andOnlineGames

StudentEditionLabs

284SectionA:WebTechnology

284TheWeb,theNet,andHypertext

286HTMLandXHTML

289WebBrowsers

291HelperApplications,Plug-ins,andPlayers

292HTTP

293WebServers

295Cookies

297QuickCheckA

298LAB:WorkingwithCookies

299SectionB:BasicWebPageAuthoring

299WebPageAuthoringTools

301BasicWebPageComponents

302Formats,Styles,andStyleSheets

303WebPageGraphics,Sound,andAnimation

304Links,Buttons,andHotSpots

306HTMLForms

307TablesandFrames

308TestingandPostingWebPages

309QuickCheckB

310SectionC:WebPageExtensions,Scripts,andPrograms

310DHTML

311XMLandXSL

312JavaScriptandVBScript

313JavaApplets

315ActiveXControls

317QuickCheckC

318LAB:BrowserSecuritySettings

319SectionD:E-commerce

319E-commerceBasics

321OnlineShopping

322ShoppingCarts

323TransactionPrivacyandSecurity

326ElectronicWallets

327Person-to-PersonPaymentServices

327QuickCheckD

328TechTalk:Encryption

33tOuickCheckTechTalk

332Issue:InformationQuality

334ComputersInContext:FashionIndustry

336ReviewActivities

336InteractiveSummary

338InteractiveKeyTerms

339InteractiveSituationQuestions

339InteractivePracticeTests

340ReviewontheWeb

341StudentEditionLabs

CHAPTER7

DIGITALMEDIA

ONTHEBookOnCD

WorkingwithBitmapGraphicsLab

VideoEditingLab

InteractiveReviewActivities

InteractiveFigures

ONTHEWEB

InteractiveOverview,Pre-Assessment,andLearningObjectives

InfoWebLinks

TechTVVideoProject

Projects,StudyTips,andOnlineGames

StudentEditionLabs

344SectionA:BitmapGraphics

344BitmapBasics

345ScannersandCameras

347ModifyingBitmapGraphics

347ImageResolution

350ColorDepthandPalettes

353BitmapGraphicsFormats

354QuickCheckA

355LAB:WorkingwithBitmapGraphics

356SectionB:Vectorand3-DGraphics

356VectorGraphicsBasics

350Vector-to-BitmapConversion

361VectorGraphicsontheWeb

3623-DGraphics

364QuickCheckB

365SectionC:DigitalVideo

365DigitalVideoBasics

366ProducingVideoFootage

367VideoTransfer

370VideoEditing

371VideoOutput

372Desktop,PDA,andWebVideo

373DVDVideo

374QuickCheckC

375LAB:VideoEditing

376SectionD:DigitalSound

376WaveformAudio

379PortableAudioPlayers

380MIDIMusic

382SpeechRecognitionandSynthesis

383QuickCheckD

384TechTalk:DataCompression

389QuickCheckTechTalk

390Issue:DigitalRightsManagement

392ComputersinContext:Film

394ReviewActivities

394InteractiveSummary

396InteractiveKeyTerms

397InteractiveSituationQuestions

397InteractivePracticeTests

398ReviewontheWeb

399StudentEditionLabs

CHAPTER8

THECOMPUTERINDUSTRY:HISTORY,PRODUCTS,ANDCAREERS

ONTHEBookOnCD

OnlineJobHuntingLab

InteractiveReviewActivities

InteractiveFiaures

ONTHEWEB

InteractiveOverview,Pre-Assessment,andLearningObjectives

InfoWebLinks

TechTVVideoProject

Projects,StudyTips,andOnlineGames

StudentEditionLabs

402SectionA:ComputerHistory

402ManualCalculators

403MechanicalCalculators

405ComputerPrototypes

407GenerationsofComputers

410PersonalComputers

412QuickCheckA

413SectionB:TheComputerandITIndustries

413IndustryOverview

416EconomicFactors

418ProductDevelopment

420MarketShare

422MarketingChannels

424IndustryRegulation

425QuickCheckB

426SectionC:CareersforComputerProfessionals

426JobsandSalaries

429WorkingConditions

432Education

434Certification

435QuickCheckC

436SectionD:JobHuntingResources

436JobHuntingBasics

437ResumesforToday'sJobMarket

439WebPortfolios

440JobListings

441JobBanks

443HeadHuntersandEmploymentAgencies

444EvaluatingJobOpenings

444QuickCheckD

445LAB:OnlineJobHunting

446TechTalk:TheFutureofComputing

449QuickCheckTechTalk

450Issue:Offshoring

452ComputersinContext:Travel

454ReviewActivities

454InteractiveSummary

456InteractiveKeyTerms

457InteractiveSituationQuestions

457InteractivePracticeTests

458ReviewontheWeb

459StudentEditionLabs

CHAPTER9

INFORMATIONSYSTEMSANALYSISANDDESIGN

ONTHEBookOnCD

WorkingwithDFDsLab

InteractiveReviewActivities

InteractiveFigures

ONTHEWEB

InteractiveOverview,Pre-Assessment,andLearningObjectives

InfoWebLinks

TechTVVideoProject

Projects,StudyTips,andOnlineGames

StudentEditionLabs

462SectionA:InformationSystems

462InformationSystemsinOrganizations

465TransactionProcessingSystems

467ManagementInformationSystems

468DecisionSupportSystems

470ExpertSystemsandNeuralNetworks

472QuickCheckA

473SectionB:SystemsAnalysis

473PlanningPhase

474AssembleProjectTeam

474JustifyProject

477SystemDevelopmentLifeCycle

478AnalysisPhase

478StudytheCurrentSystem

479DetermineSystemRequirements

480OuickCheckB

481LAB:WorkingwithDFDs

482SectionC:SystemDesign

482DesignPhase

482IdentifyPotentialSolutions

485EvaluateSolutionsandSelecttheBest

485SelectHardwareandSoftware

487DevelopApplicationSpecifications

488ObtainApprovaltoImplementtheNewSystem

488OuickCheckC

489SectionD:ImplementationandMaintenance

489ImplementationPhase

489PurchaseandInstallHardwareandSoftware

489CreateApplications

490TestApplications

491FinalizeDocumentation

49fTrainUsers

491ConvertData

492ConverttoNewSystem

493MaintenancePhase

495QuickCheckD

496TechTalk:DocumentationTools

501OuickCheckTechTalk

502Issue:ProfessionalEthics

504ComputersinContext:ArchitectureandConstruction

506ReviewActivities

506InteractiveSummary

508InteractiveKeyTerms

509InteractiveSituationOuestions

509InteractivePracticeTests

510ReviewontheWeb

511StudentEditionLabs

CHAPTER10

DATABASES

ONTHEBookOnCD

WorkingwithDatabaseSoftwareLab

InteractiveReviewActivities

InteractiveFigures

ONTHEWEB

InteractiveOverview,Pre-Assessment,andLearningObjectives

InfoWebLinks

TechTVVideoProject

Projects,StudyTips,andOnlineGames

StudentEditionLabs

514SectionA:FileandDatabaseConcepts

514DatabasesandStructuredFiles

514Fields

515Records

517RelationshipsandCardinality

518Hierarchical,Network,Relational,andObject-orientedDatabases

521QuickCheckA

522SectionB:DataManagementTools

522DataManagementSoftware

525DatabaseManagementSystems

527DatabasesandtheWeb

530XMLDocuments

532QuickCheckB

533SectionC:DatabaseDesign

533DefiningFields

537Normalization

539OrganizingRecords

540DesigningtheInterface

542DesigningReportTemplates

544LoadingData

544QuickCheckC

545LAB:WorkingwithDatabaseSoftware

546SectionD:SQL

546SQLBasics

548AddingRecords

549SearchingforInformation

551UpdatingFields

552JoiningTables

553QuickCheckD

554TechTalk:DataAnalysis

557QuickCheckTechTalk

558Issue:Privacy

560ComputersInContext:Medicine

562ReviewActivities

562InteractiveSummary

564InteractiveKeyTerms

565InteractiveSituationQuestions

565InteractivePracticeTests

566ReviewontheWeb

567StudentEditionLabs

CHAPTER11

COMPUTERPROGRAMMING

ONTHEBookOnCD

UsingaVisualDevelopmentEnvironmentLab

InteractiveReviewActivities

InteractiveFigures

ONTHEWEB

InteractiveOverview,Pre-Assessment,andLearningObjectives

InfoWebLinks

TechTVVideoProject

Projects,StudyTips,andOnlineGames

StudentEditionLabs

570SectionA:ProgrammingBasics

570ComputerProgrammingandSoftwareEngineering

572ProgrammingLanguagesandParadigms

576ProgramPlanning

577ProgramCoding

581ProgramTestingandDocumentation

582QuickCheckA

583LAB:UsingaVisualDevelopmentEnvironment

564SectionB:ProceduralProgramming

584Algorithms

587ExpressinganAlgorithm

590Sequence,Selection,andRepetitionControls

595ProceduralLanguagesandApplications

596QuickCheckB

597SectionC:Object-orientedProgramming

597ObjectsandClasses

599Inheritance

600MethodsandMessages

604Object-orientedProgramStructure

606Object-orientedLanguagesandApplications

607QuickCheckC

608SectionD:DeclarativeProgramming

608TheDeclarativeParadigm

609PrologFacts

613PrologRules

616InputCapabilities

618DebuggingwithTrace

618DeclarativeLanguagesandApplications

619QuickCheckD

620TechTalk:ProgrammingTools

623QuickCheckTechTalk

624Issue:HumanFactors

626ComputersinContext:Agriculture

628ReviewActivities

628InteractiveSummary

630InteractiveKeyTerms

631InteractiveSituationQuestions

631InteractivePracticeTests

632ReviewontheWeb

633StudentEditionLabs

CHAPTER12

BEYONDDESKTOPCOMPUTING

ONTHEBookOnCD

GridComputingLab

interactiveReviewActivities

InteractiveFigures

ONTHEWEB

InteractiveOverview,Pre-Assessment,andLearningObjectives

InfoWebLinks

TechTVVideoProject

Projects,StudyTips,andOnlineGames

StudentEditionLabs

636SectionA:Large-ScaleComputing

636EnterpriseComputing

641High-PerformanceComputing

643QuickCheckA

644SectionB:ComponentsofLarge-ScaleComputingSystems

644EnterpriseHardware

650HPCHardware

653EnterpriseSoftware

655HPCSoftware

656QuickCheckB

657SectionC:EnterpriseandHigh-PerformanceArchitecture

657CentralizedArchitecture

659DistributedArchitecture

661TieredArchitecture

662GridArchitecture

665Clustering

667QuickCheckC

668LAB:GridComputing

669SectionD:QualityofService

669Reliability,Availability,andServiceability

671RiskManagement

674DataCenters

675DisasterRecoveryPlans

676QuickCheckD

677TechTalk:HierarchicalStorageManagement

679QuickCheckTechTalk

680Issue:DonateCPUCycles

682ComputersinContext:Banking

684ReviewActivities

684InteractiveSummary

686InteractiveKeyTerms

687InteractiveSituationQuestions

687InteractivePracticeTests

688ReviewontheWeb

689StudentEditionLabs

69OTECHBUZZ

698QUlCKCHECKANSWERS

702PHOTOCREDITS

704GLOSSARY

732INDEX