中国古代简史：从史前文明到末代皇帝

Contents

ListofIllustrationsxii

NameandDateConventionsUsedintheContextxxxvii

Introductionxxxix

Chapter1

AncientCivilizations:RuleandPolitics

(c.8500–256BCE)

THEORIGINSOFCIVILIZATION–AncientManinChina–TheEraofClanSocieties–TheDawnoftheChineseNation–ThreeBenevolentRulers:Yao,ShunandYu–THEEARLIESTDYNASTIESOFCHINA–RuleoftheXiaDynasty–TheRiseandFalloftheShangDynasty–TheFlourishingoftheWesternZhouDynasty–Decline...

Chapter2

AnEmergingState:SocietyandCulture

OracleBonesinShangLife–TheBronzeAge–TheDevelopmentofAgriculture–Crafts–TheDujiangyanWeirs–TheRiseoftheCity–Literature:BookofSongsandElegiesoftheSouth–Music:BellsandDrums–Astronomy–Medicine

Chapter3

TheFoundationsofPhilosophyandSchoolsofThought

THECONTENTIONOFAHUNDREDSCHOOLSOFTHOUGHT–Confucius:TeacherforAllAges–TheLegacyandDevelopmentofConfucianism–Daoism:LetThingsRunTheirCourse–TheMohistSchool:EarthlyAscetics–Legalism:FavoredbyRulers–MilitaryStrategists:MastersoftheLawofWar–THECLASHOFSCHOOLS...

Chapter4

UnificationundertheQinEmpire

(221–206BCE)

RULEOFTHEQINEMPIRE–QinShiHuang’sUnificationoftheCountry–CentralizationoftheQinEmpire–AReignofTyranny–THEWONDERSOFTHEQINDYNASTY–TheGreatWall–QinShiHuangMausoleum–TerracottaWarriorsandHorses–THEFALLOFTHEQINDYNASTY–ThePeasantUprising–ConflictbetweentheSta...

Chapter5

TheRiseandFalloftheHanDynasty

(220BCE–280CE)

THERISEOFTHEHAN–RebuildingbytheEarlyHanDynasty–EmperorsWenandJing–EmperorWuofHan–DECLINEOFTHEWESTERNHANDYNASTY–CorruptionintheMidandLateWesternHan–TheBriefReignofWangMang–REVIVALOFTHEHANCOURT–TheFoundingoftheEasternHanDynasty–PowerStruggles:CourtWomena...

Chapter6

Scientific,CulturalandPhilosophicalDevelopmentsundertheHan

SCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGYOFTHEHANDYNASTY–TheInventionofPaper–TraditionalChineseMedicine–AstronomyandMathematics–THESTATUSOFIDEASINTHEHANDYNASTY–TheRiseofDaoism–TheSpreadofBuddhisminChina–EvolutionoftheScholarlyClass–CULTUREOFTHEHANDYNASTY–FirstMajorHistoric...

Chapter7

DisturbanceandStability:FromtheThreeKingdomstoaHundredYearsofJinRule

(220–420CE)

THETHREEKINGDOMS–TheBattleofGuandu–TheBattleofRedCliffs–EmergenceoftheThreeKingdoms–WESTERNANDEASTERNJIN–BriefUnificationduringtheJinDynasty–RebellionoftheEightPrinces–TheHundred-YearRuleoftheEasternJin

Chapter8

ThePoliticsandCultureoftheSouthernandNorthernDynasties

(420–589)

THESOUTHERNDYNASTIES–ContentionoftheSixteenKingdoms–RuleoftheSong,Qi,Liang,andChen–THENORTHERNWEIDYNASTY–RapidRiseoftheNorthernWeiDynasty–TheReformsofEmperorXiaowen–CrumblingoftheNorthernWei–TheCrushingofBuddhism–CULTURALDEVELOPMENTSDURINGTHESIXDYNASTI...

Chapter9

TheSuiDynasty

(581–618)

TheFoundingoftheSuiDynasty–TheRuleofEmperorWen–TheFalloftheSuiDynasty–TheGrandCanal

Chapter10

TheGoldenEraoftheTangDynasty

THEFOUNDINGANDGOVERNMENTOFTHETANGDYNASTY–TheRiseoftheTangFamily–TheGoldenYearsofZhenguan–TheUsurpingEmpress–TheGoldenEraofKaiyuan–THETANGEMPIRE–LIFEINTHETANGWORLD–Agriculture–TradeandCommerce–KeyInventions:WoodblockPrintingandGunpowder–Medicine–Astrono...

Chapter11

Decline,SeparationandTurbulence:

TheDeclineoftheTangandRuleoftheSong

THEDECLINEOFTHETANGDYNASTY–TheAnLushanRebellion–EffortstoRevivetheTangEmpire–TurbulenceandDecline–ASplinteredAge:FiveDynasties,TenKingdoms–TheRiseoftheKhitan–THENORTHERNANDSOUTHERNSONGDYNASTIES–TheFoundingoftheNorthernSongDynasty–ReformandStrifeintheMi...

Chapter12

Co-existingRegimes:TheSong,Liao,Xia,andJin

ConfrontationbetweenSongandLiao–TheRiseandFalloftheWesternXiaDynasty–TheRiseoftheJinEmpire–ConfrontationbetweenSouthernSongandJin

Chapter13

TheEnrichingLegacyoftheTangandSongDynasties

AThrivingEconomy–Science,Technology,andCulture

Chapter14

TerritorialExpansionandCulturalFlowerings:

TheYuanDynasty

(1206–1368)

THEFOUNDINGOFTHEYUAN–TerritorialExpansionoftheMongolEmpire–UnificationWar–TheYuanSystemofGovernment–YUANCULTUREANDECONOMY–TheCapital,Dadu–EthnicIntegration–TheEconomy–LiteratureandArtofSongandYuan

Chapter15

CentralizedMonarchyoftheMingDynasty

(1368–1644)

THEFOUNDINGOFTHEMING–TheFalloftheYuanDynasty–TheAbsoluteMonarchyoftheMingDynasty–TurmoilwithintheMingCourt–THEMINGDYNASTYECONOMYANDFOREIGNPOLICY–ThrivingEconomyandAdministrationofItsLand–Ming’sForeignPolicy–China’sRelationshipwithItsNeighbors–MerchantG...

Chapter16

Piracy,WarandRebellion:theDeclineoftheMingandRiseoftheQing

TURBULENCEANDDECLINEOFTHEMING–MingCostalDefense–EarlyColonialAggression–TheTumuCrisis–RevivalEortsinLateMing–ThreeNotoriousAairsofCourt–EunuchAbuseofPowerandtheDonglinMovement–ENDOFTHEMINGDYNASTY–WaningMilitaryPower–Rebellionofthe“DashingKing”–TheDoome...

Chapter17

TheQing:Feudalism’sFinalBow

(1644–1911)

CONSOLIDATIONOFTHEQINGEMPIRE–Anti-QingResistance–ZhengChenggong’sRecoveryofTaiwan–SuppressionoftheThreeFeudatoriesbytheKangxiEmperor–TheRecoveryofTaiwan–BorderDefenseagainstTsaristRussia–SuppressionoftheDzungarRebellionandTorghutIntegration–Suppression...

Chapter18

Learning,PhilosophicalThoughtandCultureundertheMingandQing

TECHNOLOGYANDTHOUGHTS–TheReconstructionofBeijing–Science,Technology,andtheIntroductionofWesternLearning–Neo-Confucianism–ANewStageinConfucianism–LITERATUREANDARTINTHEMINGDYNASTY–VernacularFiction–Mass-MarketNovels–MingOpera–CalligraphyandPainting–QINGC...

Chapter19

WarsandRebellion:TheOpiumWars,BoxerRebellionandForeignPowers

THEOPIUMWARS–ChinaandtheWestbeforetheFirstOpiumWar–TheDestructionofOpiuminHumen–TheFirstOpiumWar–TheSecondOpiumWar–EmpressDowagerCixi’sRisetoPower–TheTaipingRebellion–TheEndoftheTaipingHeavenlyKingdom–WARINTHELATEQINGDYNASTY–ZuoZongtang’sRecoveryofXinj...

Chapter20

WesternInfluences,ReformandDeathoftheQing

TheChallengeofWesternCulture–TheSelf-StrengtheningMovement–TheRiseofCapitalism–IdeasofReform–TheHundredDays’Reform–TheQingCourt’sDyingThroes–TheRiseoftheRepublic–Conclusion

Index448