医用有机化学 Medical Organic hemistry

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

1．1 Organic compounds and organic chemistry

1．2 Features of organic compounds

1．3 Atomic orbital

1．4 Electron configuration

1．5 lonic and covalent bonds： octet rule

1．6 The carbon-carbon covalent bond

1．7 How the structure of a compound is represented

1．8 Molecular orbitals

1．9 Molecular geometry

1．10 Acids and bases

1．11 Reaction mechanism

1．12 Functional groups and families of organic compounds

1．13 Significance of studying organic chemistry

CHAPTER 2 ALKANES AND CYCLOALKANES

2．1 Alkanes

2．2 Cycloalkanes

2．3 Pheromones：communication by means of chemicals

CHAPTER 3 ALKENES， ALKYNES AND CONUGATED DIENVES

3．1 Alkenes

3．2 Alkynes

3．3 Conjugated dienes

3．4 Dynemicin A： An enediyne drug

CHAPTER 4 AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS

4．1 Classification of aromatic hydrocarbons

4．2 Structure of benzene

4．3 Nomenclature of derivatives of benzene

4．4 Physical properties of monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

4．5 Chemical properties of monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

4．6 Effect of substituents on reactivity and orientation in aromatic electrophilic substitution

4．7 Fused-ring aromatic hydrocarbons

4．8 Aromaticity and Hückel rule：4n+2π electron rule

4．9 Some aromatic compounds in biochemistry

CHAPTER 5 STEREOCHEMISTRY

5．1 Types of isomers

5．2 Optical activity．plane-polarized light

5．3 Properties of enatiomers

5．4 Prediction of enantiomerism

5．5 Compounds with only one chiral carbon

5．6 Representations of molecules containing chiral carbons： Fischer projections

5．7 Assignment of the configurations of chiral carbons

5．8 Compounds with more than one chiral carbon

5．9 Enantiomers without chiral carbons

5．10 Chirality in the biological world

5．11 Origin of biological properties relating to chirality

CHAPTER 6 ALKYL HALIDES

6．1 Nomenclature of alkyl halides

6．2 Physical properties of alkyl halides

6．3 Chemical properties of alkyl halides

6．4 Preparation of alkyl halides

6．5 Inconvenient DDT

CHAPTER 7 ALCOHOLS， PHENOLS， AND ETHERS

7．1 Alcohols

7．2 Phenols

7．3 Ethers

7．4 Thioalcohols， thioethers and disulfides

CHAPTER 8 ALDEHYDES AND KETONES

8．1 Chemical structure of the carbonyl group

8．2 Nomenclature of aldehydes and ketones

8．3 Synthesis of aldehydes and ketones

8．4 Oxidation of aldehydes

8．5 Nucleophilic addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones

8．6 Reduction

8．7 Nucleophilic addition of water： hydration

8．8 Nucleophilic addition of alcohol：acetal formation

8．9 Nucleophilic addition of amines to form imines and enamine

8．10 Nucleophilic addition of Grignard reagent：alcohol formation

8．11 Nucleophilic addition of hydrogen cyanide：cyanohydrin formation

8．12 Keto-Enol tautomerism

8．13 Acidity of alpha hydrogen atoms：enolate anion formation

8．14 Reactivity of enols and enolateions

8．15 Alkylation of aldehydes and ketones

8．16 Halogenation of aldehydes and ketones and haloform reaction

8．17 Condensation of aldehydes and ketones：the aldol reaction

CHAPTER 9 CARBOXYLIC ACIDS AND CARBOXYLIC ACID DERIVATIVES

9．1 Carboxylic acids

9．2 Carboxylic acid derivatives

9．3 Other carboxylic acid derivatives

CHAPTER 10 AMINES AND HETEROCYCLES

10．1 Nomenclature of amines

10．2 Structure of amines

10．3 Physical properties of amines

10．4 Chemical properties of amines

10．5 Synthesis of amines

10．6 Heterocyeles

10．7 Sulfa drags

CHAPTER 11 CARBOHYDRATES

11．1 Monosaecharides

11．2 Disaccharides

11．3 Polysaccharides

CHAPTER 12 LIPIDS

12．1 Classification of lipids

12．2 Fatty acids

12．3 Structure and physical property of triacylglycerols

12．4 Chemical reactions of triaeylglycerols

12．5 Amphipathie hydrolyzable lipids

12．6 Steroid： cholesterol， steroid hormones and bile salt

CHAPTER 13 PROTEINS

13．1 Introduction

13．2 Reactions of amino acids

13．3 Synthesizing amino acids

13．4 Condensation of amino acids and formation of peptides

13．5 A brief introduction of proteins

CHAPTER 14 NUCLEIC ACID

14．1 Introduction

14．2 Nucleotides and nueleosides

14．3 Nucleic acid structure

References