th of Qi. As Yu the Great, legendary founder of the Xia dynasty and flood-queller who delivered China from eight cycles of rain, was digging through Huanyuan Pass, part of Mount Song, he changed into a bear. While bringing her hard-working husband food, the Tushan girl beheld her husband's ursine aspect and fled in terror. Pursued by Yu, she turned into a stone on one of the slopes of Mount Song. When Yu demanded his son, the stone into which the Tushan girl had metamorphosed split asunder and delivered Qi.[5]（[5] Anne Birrell, Chinese Mythology (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins, 1993), 122-3）
Following Liu An's Biographies of Exemplary Women, because Yu was so deeply preoccupied with saving the empire from the ceaseless deluge, the Tushan girl-fashioned in the Confucian idiom-was effectively a single parent, capably raising her son and "bringing about his transformation" so that Qi was "fashioned by her virtue and followed her teachings." The eulogy to her biography reads: "Tushan was wedded to Lord Yu, but after four days he went to manage the floods. Qi wailed and cried. His mother alone taught him the right order and precedence in human relationships. She instructed him to be good and in the end he succeeded his father."[6]（[6] O'Hara, The Position of Women in Early China, (Taipei, Meiya Publications, 1971), 20-1. Translation of Lie nüzhuan from chapter 1, "Biographies Illustrating Correct Deportment of Mothers," "Tushan, Mother of Qi" 1.4. Another story in the Dengfang xianzhi (82) also illustrates the lofty character of the Tushan Girl. At one juncture, Yu the Great reputedly offered to bequeath his sovereignty not to his son Qi, but to his minister Bo Yi. Bo Yi declined and decided to lead a reclusive life on Jishan (near Mount Song). As a result, kingship was passed from father to son and the Xia dynasty began. When Bo Yi died, Qi's mother offered sacrifices on his behalf.）
Also in Biographies of Exemplary Women, in "Biographies of the Benign and Wise", one finds
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